艾达·塔贝尔 Ida Tarbell Ài dá tǎ bèi

Content Introduction

中文

艾达·塔贝尔(Ida Tarbell,1857年11月5日-1944年1月6日)是一位美国记者、作家和传记作家,以其对标准石油公司及其创始人约翰·洛克菲勒的调查报道而闻名。她的作品《标准石油公司史》以其详尽的调查、严谨的分析和犀利的批判,揭露了标准石油公司利用垄断地位打压竞争对手、操纵市场价格的不法行为,对美国的反托拉斯运动产生了深远的影响。

塔贝尔出生于宾夕法尼亚州的埃里,在一个石油繁荣的地区长大,这使她对石油产业的运作有着亲身的了解。她早年在宾夕法尼亚大学学习,后成为一名教师。然而,她对写作的热情使她最终走上了记者的道路。

在19世纪末20世纪初的美国,标准石油公司是当时美国最大的垄断企业之一,几乎控制了美国的石油产业。其创始人洛克菲勒的财富和权力引发了公众的担忧和批评。塔贝尔的调查报道正是在这种背景下展开的。她用了超过十年时间,走访了大量资料和证人,最终完成了《标准石油公司史》。

塔贝尔的作品不仅揭示了洛克菲勒及其公司的不法行为,也深刻地批判了当时美国资本主义的弊端,对美国社会的经济结构和政治发展产生了深远的影响。她的作品不仅在当时影响巨大,在今天仍然具有重要的参考价值,提醒着人们警惕垄断、维护公平竞争的必要性。她的调查报道被认为是调查性新闻报道的经典之作,对后世记者和作家产生了深远的影响。

除了《标准石油公司史》,塔贝尔还撰写了其他多部著作,包括一些关于美国著名历史人物的传记。她的贡献得到了广泛认可,被视为美国历史上最伟大的调查记者之一。

拼音

Ài dá tǎ bèi (Ida Tarbell,1857 nián 11 yuè 5 rì-1944 nián 1 yuè 6 rì) shì yī wèi měi guó jì zhě, zuò jiā hé chuán jì zuò jiā, yǐ qí duì biāo zhǔn shí yóu gōng sī jí qí chuàng shǐ rén yuē hán luò kè fú lì de diào chá bào dào ér wén míng. tā de zuò pǐn 《biāo zhǔn shí yóu gōng sī shǐ》yǐ qí xiáng jìn de diào chá, yán jǐn de fēn xī hé xī lì de pī pàn, jiē lù le biāo zhǔn shí yóu gōng sī lì yòng lǒng duàn dì wèi dǎyā jìng zhēng duì shǒu, cāo zòng shì chǎng jià gé de bù fǎ xíng wéi, duì měi guó de fǎn tuō lā sī yùn dòng chǎn shēng le shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng.

Tǎ bèi chū shēng yú bīn xī fān ní yà zhōu de āi lì, zài yī gè shí yóu fán róng de dì qū zhǎng dà, zhè shǐ tā duì shí yóu chǎn yè de yùn zuò yǒu zhe qīn shēn de liǎo jiě. tā zǎo nián zài bīn xī fān ní yà dà xué xué xí, hòu chéng wéi yī míng jiào shī. rán ér, tā duì xiě zuò de rè qíng shǐ tā zuì zhōng zǒu shàng le jì zhě de dà o.

Zài 19 shì jì mò 20 shì jì chū de měi guó, biāo zhǔn shí yóu gōng sī shì dàn shí měi guó zuì dà de lǒng duàn qǐ yè zhī yī, jī hū kòng zhì le měi guó de shí yóu chǎn yè. qí chuàng shǐ rén luò kè fú lì de cái fù hé quán lì yǐn fā le gōng zhòng de dānyōu hé pī pàn. tǎ bèi de diào chá bào dào zhèng shì zài zhè zhǒng bèi jǐng xià zhǎn kāi de. tā yòng le chāo guò shí nián shí jiān, zǒu fǎng le dà liàng zī liào hé zhèng rén, zuì zhōng wán chéng le 《biāo zhǔn shí yóu gōng sī shǐ》.

Tǎ bèi de zuò pǐn bù jǐn jiē shì le luò kè fú lì jí qí gōng sī de bù fǎ xíng wéi, yě shēn kè de pī pàn le dàn shí měi guó zī běn zhǔ yì de bì duān, duì měi guó shè huì de jīng jì jié gòu hé zhèng zhì fā zhǎn chǎn shēng le shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng. tā de zuò pǐn bù jǐn zài dàn shí yǐng xiǎng jù dà, zài jīn tiān réng rán jù yǒu zhòng yào de cān kǎo jià zhí, tí xǐng zhe rén men jǐng tì lǒng duàn, wéi hù gōng píng jìng zhēng de bì yào xìng. tā de diào chá bào dào bèi rèn wéi shì diào chá xìng xìn wén bào dào de jīng diǎn zhī zuò, duì hòu shì jì zhě hé zuò jiā chǎn shēng le shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng.

Chú le 《biāo zhǔn shí yóu gōng sī shǐ》, tǎ bèi hái zhuàn xiě le qí tā duō bù zhù zuò, bāo kuò yī xiē guānyú měi guó zhù míng lì shǐ rén wù de chuán jì. tā de gòng xiàn dé dào le guǎng fàn rèn kě, bèi shì wéi měi guó lì shǐ shàng zuì wěi dà de diào chá jì zhě zhī yī.

English

Ida Tarbell (November 5, 1857 – January 6, 1944) was an American journalist, writer, and biographer best known for her investigative reporting on Standard Oil Company and its founder, John D. Rockefeller. Her work, *The History of the Standard Oil Company*, through its meticulous research, rigorous analysis, and incisive criticism, exposed Standard Oil's unlawful practices such as using its monopolistic power to crush competitors and manipulate market prices. This had a profound impact on the American antitrust movement.

Tarbell was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, growing up in an area experiencing an oil boom, which provided her with firsthand knowledge of the oil industry's operations. She initially studied at Allegheny College and worked as a teacher, but her passion for writing ultimately led her to journalism.

In late 19th and early 20th century America, Standard Oil was one of the country's largest monopolies, virtually controlling the American oil industry. Rockefeller's immense wealth and power fueled public concern and criticism. Tarbell's investigative reporting arose from this context. She spent over a decade researching and interviewing numerous sources before completing *The History of the Standard Oil Company*.

Tarbell's work not only exposed the illegal activities of Rockefeller and his company but also offered profound criticism of the shortcomings of American capitalism at that time, significantly influencing the country's economic structure and political development. Her work remains relevant even today, serving as a cautionary tale about the dangers of monopolies and the importance of fair competition. Her investigative reporting is considered a classic of investigative journalism, influencing generations of journalists and writers.

Beyond *The History of the Standard Oil Company*, Tarbell authored numerous other works, including biographies of prominent American historical figures. Her contributions are widely recognized, and she is considered one of the greatest investigative journalists in American history.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

请问您对艾达·塔贝尔了解多少?她对美国历史有什么影响?

拼音

qǐng wèn nín duì ài dá tǎ bèi le jie duō shao? tā duì měi guó lì shǐ yǒu shén me yǐng xiǎng?

English

What do you know about Ida Tarbell? What was her impact on American history?

Dialogues 2

中文

艾达·塔贝尔是一位杰出的调查记者,她对标准石油公司的揭露促进了反托拉斯法的立法。她的作品揭示了垄断的危害,为美国社会带来了积极的影响。您认为她的贡献在当代社会还有哪些意义?

拼音

ài dá tǎ bèi shì yī wèi jié chū de diào chá jì zhě, tā duì biāo zhǔn shí yóu gōng sī de jiēlù cù jìn le fǎn tuō lā sī fǎ de lì fǎ. tā de zuò pǐn jiē shì le lǒng duàn de wēi hài, wèi měi guó shè huì dài lái le tíchí de yǐng xiǎng. nín rèn wéi tā de gòng xiàn zài dāng dài shè huì hái yǒu nǎ xiē yì yì?

English

Ida Tarbell was a prominent investigative journalist whose exposé of Standard Oil helped bring about antitrust legislation. Her work revealed the dangers of monopolies and had a positive impact on American society. What significance do you think her contribution still holds in contemporary society?

Cultural Background

中文

反托拉斯法是美国为了防止垄断和维护市场竞争而制定的法律。

标准石油公司是美国历史上最大的垄断企业之一,其垄断行为严重损害了美国经济和消费者利益。

调查性新闻报道是新闻业中重要的一种报道方式,其目的是揭露事实真相,维护公众利益。

Advanced Expressions

中文

Ida Tarbell's investigative journalism was a watershed moment in American history, exposing the dark underbelly of corporate power and paving the way for significant legislative reforms.

Her unflinching critique of monopolistic practices continues to resonate with contemporary concerns about economic inequality and corporate accountability.

Tarbell's meticulous research and compelling narrative style established a new standard for investigative reporting, influencing generations of journalists.

Key Points

中文

适用于对美国历史、新闻业和反垄断法感兴趣的人群。,年龄段不限,但需要具备一定的历史知识基础才能更好地理解。,常见错误:混淆艾达·塔贝尔与其他美国历史名人。,避免简单化地评价艾达·塔贝尔及其作品,需要深入了解其时代背景。

Practice Tips

中文

多阅读关于艾达·塔贝尔的资料,深入了解她的生平和作品。

尝试以不同的角度去分析艾达·塔贝尔对美国历史的影响。

练习用英语讲述艾达·塔贝尔的故事,并准确表达其重要贡献。