《权利法案》 The Bill of Rights 《quánlì fǎ'àn》

中文

《权利法案》(The Bill of Rights)是美国宪法的前十条修正案，于1791年正式生效。它是美国立国之初为了保障公民基本权利和自由而制定的重要法律文件。它反映了美国建国者对个人自由和有限政府的深刻理解，并对美国政治文化和社会发展产生了深远的影响。

《权利法案》涵盖了言论自由、出版自由、集会自由、宗教自由等基本人权，以及保障公民免受政府不合理搜查和扣押，以及在刑事诉讼中享有公平审判权等重要权利。这些权利不仅保护个人免受政府侵犯，也为美国社会提供了自由、开放和民主的氛围。

在历史背景上，美国独立战争之后，美国人民对中央政府权力过大深感担忧，担心政府可能会侵犯他们的自由。为了防止这种事情再次发生，美国宪法制定者在制定宪法时特别重视对公民基本权利的保护。在宪法生效后不久，他们就着手制定并通过了《权利法案》，以进一步明确和保障这些权利。

《权利法案》的通过标志着美国在保障公民权利和自由方面迈出了重要的一步。它不仅对美国自身的发展产生了深远的影响，也对世界各国宪法和人权保障制度的制定产生了重要的借鉴作用。至今，《权利法案》仍然是美国社会自由和民主的基石，在现代美国社会中发挥着重要的作用。它不仅对立法、司法和行政机关具有约束力，也对美国社会的公民意识和法律文化具有深远的影响。

拼音

The Bill of Rights cōngpǎi the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, officially ratified in 1791. It's a cornerstone of American law, established in the early days of the nation to guarantee fundamental rights and freedoms to its citizens. It reflects the Founding Fathers' profound understanding of individual liberty and limited government, and has had a lasting impact on American political culture and societal development.

The Bill of Rights encompasses essential human rights such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion. It also protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government, and ensures the right to a fair trial in criminal proceedings. These rights not only safeguard individuals from governmental overreach but also foster a free, open, and democratic environment within American society.

Historically, following the American Revolutionary War, there was significant concern amongst the citizenry regarding the potential for excessive power in the central government and the threat of governmental infringement upon individual freedoms. To prevent a recurrence of such infringements, the framers of the Constitution placed a high priority on protecting fundamental citizen rights. Soon after the Constitution's ratification, they set about creating and adopting the Bill of Rights to further clarify and safeguard these rights.

The adoption of the Bill of Rights marked a crucial step forward in the protection of civil liberties and freedoms in the United States. It has not only profoundly influenced the nation's own development but also served as a significant model for the creation of constitutions and human rights protection systems in other countries worldwide. To this day, the Bill of Rights remains the bedrock of American freedom and democracy, playing a pivotal role in modern American society. Its influence extends beyond legal constraints on legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government, deeply impacting the American civic consciousness and legal culture.