丹尼尔·韦伯斯特 Daniel Webster Dān Niě'ěr Wèi bó sī tè

Content Introduction

中文

丹尼尔·韦伯斯特(Daniel Webster,1782年1月18日-1852年10月24日)是19世纪美国最杰出的政治家和演说家之一。他以其雄辩的演讲技巧和对美国联邦制的坚定维护而闻名于世。

韦伯斯特出生于新罕布什尔州的一个贫寒家庭,通过自身的努力获得了达特茅斯学院的教育。他早年从事法律职业,并迅速崭露头角,成为美国最优秀的律师之一。他卓越的法律才能为他进入政坛奠定了坚实的基础。

韦伯斯特的政治生涯始于新罕布什尔州的众议员,此后他担任过参议员和国务卿等重要职位。在担任国务卿期间,他成功地处理了与英国的边界纠纷(Webster-Ashburton条约),维护了美国的国家利益。

韦伯斯特是一位坚定的联邦主义者,他始终致力于维护国家统一和联邦政府的权威。在1830年代的“ nullification crisis”(邦联否决危机)中,他与南卡罗来纳州的州权论者进行了激烈的论战,并最终维护了联邦政府的权力。他的演讲《第二届回复演说》(Second Reply to Hayne)至今仍被视为美国历史上最伟大的演讲之一。

然而,韦伯斯特在奴隶制问题上的立场较为复杂。虽然他反对奴隶制的扩张,但他并没有公开支持废除奴隶制,这使得他在南北战争前夕的政治环境中显得左右为难。

尽管韦伯斯特的政治生涯充满了争议,但他无疑是19世纪美国最重要的政治人物之一。他的演说才华、法律智慧和对国家统一的坚定信念,深深地影响了美国的历史进程。他的生平和思想,为我们理解19世纪美国政治提供了宝贵的参考。

拼音

Dān niě ér · Wèi bó sī tè (Dān Niě ér Wèi bó sī tè, 1782 nián 1 yuè 18 rì-1852 nián 10 yuè 24 rì) shì 19 shì jì Měi guó zuì jié chū de zhèng zhì jiā hé yǎn shuō jiā zhī yī. tā yǐ qí xióng biàn de yǎn jiǎng jì qiǎo hé duì Měi guó lián bāng zhì de jiān dìng wéi hù ér wén míng yú shì.

Wéi bó sī tè chū shēng yú Xīn hǎn bù shí ěr zhōu de yī gè pín hán jiā tíng, tōng guò zì shēn de nǔ lì huò dé le Dà tè Máo sī xué yuàn de jiào yù. tā zǎo nián cōng shì fǎ lǜ zhí yè, bìng sù sù zhǎn lù tóu jiǎo, chéng wéi Měi guó zuì yōu xiù de lǜ shī zhī yī. tā zhuó yuè de fǎ lǜ cái néng wèi tā jìnrù zhèng táng diàn lì le jiān shí de jī chǔ.

Wéi bó sī tè de zhèng zhì shēng yá shǐ yú Xīn hǎn bù shí ěr zhōu de zhòng yì yuán, cǐ hòu tā dàn rèn guò shēn yì yuán hé guó wù qīng děng zhòng yào zhí wèi. zài dàn rèn guó wù qīng qī jiān, tā chéng gōng de chǔ lǐ le yǔ Yīng guó de biān jiè jiū fēn (Webster-Ashburton tiáo yuē), wéi hù le Měi guó de guó jiā lì yì.

Wéi bó sī tè shì yī wèi jiān dìng de lián bāng zhǔ yì zhě, tā shǐ zhōng zhì yú wéi chí guó jiā tǒng yī hé lián bāng zhèng fǔ de quán wēi. zài 1830 nián dài de “nullification crisis”(bāng lián fǒu jué wēi jī)zhōng, tā yǔ Nán kā luó línà zhōu de zhōu quán lùn zhě jìnxíng le jī liè de lùn zhàn, bìng zuì zhōng wéi chí le lián bāng zhèng fǔ de quán lì. tā de yǎn jiǎng 《dì èr jiè huí fù yǎn shuō》(Second Reply to Hayne) zhì jīn réng bèi shì wéi Měi guó lì shǐ shàng zuì wěi dà de yǎn jiǎng zhī yī.

Rán ér, Wéi bó sī tè zài nú lì zhì wèn tí shàng de lì chǎng jiào wéi fù zá. suī rán tā fǎn duì nú lì zhì de kuò zhāng, dàn tā bìng méi yǒu gōng kāi zhī chí fèi chú nú lì zhì, zhè shǐ děi tā zài nán běi zhàn zhēng qián xī de zhèng zhì huán jìng zhōng xiǎn de zuǒ yòu wéi nán.

Jǐn guǎn Wéi bó sī tè de zhèng zhì shēng yá chōng mǎn le zhēng yì, dàn tā wú yí shì 19 shì jì Měi guó zuì zhòng yào de zhèng zhì rén wù zhī yī. tā de yǎn shuō cái huá, fǎ lǜ zhì huì hé duì guó jiā tǒng yī de jiān dìng xìn niàn, shēn shēn de yǐng xiǎng le Měi guó de lì shǐ jìn chéng. tā de shēng píng hé sī xiǎng, wèi wǒ men lǐ jiě 19 shì jì Měi guó zhèng zhì tí gōng le bǎo guì de cāo kǎo.

English

Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was one of the most prominent statesmen and orators in 19th-century America. He was renowned for his mastery of rhetoric and his unwavering dedication to the American federal system.

Born into a humble family in New Hampshire, Webster achieved a Dartmouth College education through his own efforts. He began his career in law and quickly rose to prominence, becoming one of the most skilled lawyers in the nation. His exceptional legal abilities provided a solid foundation for his entry into the political arena.

Webster's political career began in the New Hampshire House of Representatives, after which he served in significant roles such as Senator and Secretary of State. During his tenure as Secretary of State, he successfully negotiated the Webster-Ashburton Treaty, resolving a boundary dispute with Great Britain and safeguarding American interests.

Webster was a staunch federalist, consistently striving to maintain national unity and the authority of the federal government. During the Nullification Crisis of the 1830s, he engaged in heated debates with states' rights advocates in South Carolina, ultimately upholding the power of the federal government. His speech, "Second Reply to Hayne," is still considered one of the greatest speeches in American history.

However, Webster's stance on slavery was complex. While he opposed the expansion of slavery, he did not publicly advocate for its abolition, leaving him in a difficult position in the politically charged atmosphere leading up to the Civil War.

Despite the controversies surrounding his political career, Webster was undoubtedly one of the most important political figures in 19th-century America. His oratorical skills, legal acumen, and steadfast belief in national unity profoundly impacted the course of American history. His life and ideas offer invaluable insights into the political landscape of 19th-century America.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过丹尼尔·韦伯斯特吗?
B: 听说过,他是美国历史上著名的政治家和演说家,对吧?
A: 对的,他以其雄辩的演讲和对美国联邦制的坚定支持而闻名。你了解他哪些具体事迹?
B: 我知道他参与了杰克逊总统时期的政治斗争,并且在维护国家统一方面发挥了重要作用。他还参与了关于奴隶制问题的辩论,虽然他的立场并不总是明确的。
A: 是的,他的观点在奴隶制问题上确实很复杂,这反映了当时美国社会普遍存在的矛盾。他的一些观点现在看来可能很难理解,但我们必须结合当时的时代背景来看待。
B: 你说的对,历史人物的评价不能脱离当时的社会环境。理解他需要深入了解19世纪美国政治的复杂性。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò dān ní èr · wèi bó sī tè ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, tā shì měi guó lì shǐ shàng zhù míng de zhèng zhì jiā hé yǎn shuō jiā, duì ba?
A: duì de, tā yǐ qí xióng biàn de yǎn jiǎng hé duì měi guó lián bāng zhì de jiān dìng zhī chí ér wén míng. nǐ liǎo jiě tā nǎ xiē jùtǐ shì jì?
B: wǒ zhī dào tā cān yù le jié kè sùn zǒng tóng shí qī de zhèng zhì dòu zhēng, bìng qiě zài wéi chí guó jiā tǒng yī fāng miàn fā huī le zhòng yào zuò yòng. tā hái cān yù le guān yú nú lì zhì wèn tí de biàn lùn, suī rán tā de lì chǎng bìng bù shì zǒng shì míng què de.
A: shì de, tā de guān diǎn zài nú lì zhì wèn tí shàng què shì hěn fù zá, zhè fǎn yìng le dāng shí měi guó shè huì pǔ biàn cún zài de máo dùn. tā de yī xiē guān diǎn xiàn zài kàn lái kě néng hěn nán lǐ jiě, dàn wǒ men bì xū jié hé dāng shí de shí dài bèi jǐng lái kàn dài.
B: nǐ shuō de duì, lì shǐ rén wù de píng jià bù néng tuō lí dāng shí de shè huì huán jìng. lǐ jiě tā xū yào shēn rù liǎo jiě 19 shì jì měi guó zhèng zhì de fù zá xìng.

English

A: Have you ever heard of Daniel Webster?
B: Yes, I have. He was a famous American statesman and orator, right?
A: That's right. He was known for his powerful speeches and his strong support of the American federal system. What specific events do you know about him?
B: I know he was involved in the political battles during President Jackson's era and played a significant role in maintaining national unity. He also participated in debates about slavery, although his stance wasn't always clear.
A: Yes, his views on slavery were indeed complex, reflecting the contradictions prevalent in American society at the time. Some of his views may be difficult to understand now, but we must consider the historical context.
B: You're right, historical figures cannot be judged outside of their social context. Understanding him requires a deep understanding of the complexities of 19th-century American politics.

Cultural Background

中文

Daniel Webster's life and career reflect the complex political landscape of 19th-century America, including debates over states' rights, nullification, and slavery.

His famous speeches are considered masterpieces of American oratory and provide insights into the challenges of national unity during this period.

Understanding Webster requires acknowledging the contradictions of his time and avoiding applying modern perspectives without considering the historical context.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty is a significant example of diplomacy in shaping the US-Canada border.

Advanced Expressions

中文

His unwavering commitment to the preservation of the Union exemplifies his strong belief in the American federal system.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty stands as a testament to his diplomatic skill and strategic acumen in resolving international disputes.

His powerful rhetoric and insightful analysis of constitutional principles helped shape the course of American legal and political thought.

Key Points

中文

Suitable for discussions about American history, politics, and law.,Applicable when explaining the complexities of 19th-century American political thought.,Suitable for academic settings, historical lectures, and discussions on constitutional law.,Avoid oversimplifying his complex views on slavery; emphasize the historical context.,Highlight his contributions to national unity and his legacy as a powerful orator.

Practice Tips

中文

Practice pronouncing his name correctly.

Research his major speeches and political positions.

Engage in discussions about the historical context of his life and work.

Compare and contrast his views with other prominent figures of the era.

Use primary sources, such as his speeches and letters, to gain deeper understanding.