乔纳斯·索尔克 Jonas Salk Qiáonà sī · Suǒ'ěr kè

Content Introduction

中文

乔纳斯·索尔克（Jonas Salk，1914年10月28日－1995年6月23日）是一位美国医学家和病毒学家，以发明第一种安全有效的脊髓灰质炎疫苗而闻名于世。他的疫苗的成功，彻底改变了美国乃至全球的公共卫生面貌，使得肆虐全球的脊髓灰质炎（小儿麻痹症）的威胁大大降低，拯救了数百万儿童的生命。

索尔克在纽约市长大，在纽约大学和密歇根大学获得医学学位。他的研究生涯初期主要集中在流感病毒方面。在第二次世界大战期间，他在美国陆军传染病研究所工作，对病毒学研究做出了重要贡献。战后，他加入了匹兹堡大学，领导一个专注于脊髓灰质炎疫苗研发的团队。

在20世纪50年代，脊髓灰质炎在美国是一个严重的问题，每年数千名儿童因此瘫痪或死亡。索尔克的研究团队历经数年艰苦卓绝的研究，终于在1955年成功研制出了灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗。这消息震惊了美国，并迅速在全球范围内推广。尽管他本人并没有从疫苗中获利（他拒绝申请专利），但他对公共卫生事业的杰出贡献得到了广泛的认可和赞扬。

索尔克的成就不仅在于科学上的突破，更在于他的人道主义精神。他始终坚持疫苗应广泛普及，为所有需要的人所用，而不仅仅为少数富人服务。他的奉献精神和对人类健康的贡献，深深地影响了后世的研究者和医生，激励着他们继续为改善人类健康而努力。

拼音

Qiáonà sī · Suǒ'ěr kè (Jiōnà sī · Suǒ'ěr kè, 1914 nián 10 yuè 28 rì－1995 nián 6 yuè 23 rì) shì yī wèi měiguó yīxué jiā hé bìdú xué jiā, yǐ fā míng dì yī zhǒng ānquán yǒuxiào de jíshuǐ huīgzhì yán yìmiáo ér wénmíng yú shì. tā de yìmiáo de chénggōng, chèdǐ gǎibiàn le měiguó nǎizhì quánqiú de gōnggòng wèishēng miànmào, shǐ de sìnuè quánqiú de jíshuǐ huīgzhì yán (xiǎo'ér mábì zhèng) de wēixié dà dà jiàngdī, zhěngjiù le shù bǎi wàn értóng de shēngmìng.

Suǒ'ěr kè zài Niǔyuē shì zhǎngdà, zài Niǔyuē dàxué hé Mìxīgēn dàxué huòdé yīxué xuéwèi. tā de yánjiū shēngyá chūqī zhǔyào jízhōng zài liúgǎn bìdú fāngmiàn. zài Dì èr cì shìjiè dàzhàn qījiān, tā zài měiguó lùjūn chuánrǎn bìng yánjiūsuǒ gōngzuò, duì bìdú xué yánjiū zuò chū le zhòngyào gòngxiàn. zhàn hòu, tā jiārù le Pǐcìbǎo dàxué, lǐngdǎo yīgè zhuānzhù yú jíshuǐ huīgzhì yán yìmiáo yánfā de tuánduì.

Zài 20 shìjì 50 nián dài, jíshuǐ huīgzhì yán zài měiguó shì yīgè yánzhòng de wèntí, měi nián shù qiān míng értóng yīncǐ tánhuà huò sǐwáng. Suǒ'ěr kè de yánjiū tuánduì lìjīng shù nián jiānkǔ zhuójué de yánjiū, zhōngyú zài 1955 nián chénggōng yánzhì chū le mièhuó jíshuǐ huīgzhì yán yìmiáo. zhè xiāoxī zhènjīng le měiguó, bìng sùsù zài quánqiú fànwéi nèi tuīguǎng. jǐnguǎn tā běnrén bìng méiyǒu cóng yìmiáo zhōng huòlì (tā jùjué shēnqǐng zhuànlì), dàn tā duì gōnggòng wèishēng shìyè de jiéchū gòngxiàn dédào le guǎngfàn de rènkě hé zānyáng.

Suǒ'ěr kè de chéngjiù bù jǐn zài kēxué shàng de tūpò, gèng zài yú tā de réndào zhǔyì jīngshen. tā shǐzhōng jiānchí yìmiáo yīng guǎngfàn pǔjí, wèi suǒyǒu xūyào de rén suǒ yòng, ér bù jǐn wèi shǎoshù fùrén fúwù. tā de fèngxiàn jīngshen hé duì rénlèi jiànkāng de gòngxiàn, shēnshēn de yǐngxiǎng le hòushì de yánjiū zhě hé yīshēng, jīlì zhù tāmen jìxù wèi gǎishàn rénlèi jiànkāng ér nǔlì.

English

Jonas Salk (October 28, 1914 – June 23, 1995) was an American medical researcher and virologist best known for developing one of the first successful polio vaccines. His achievement revolutionized public health, dramatically reducing the threat of polio (poliomyelitis), a devastating disease that once paralyzed and killed thousands of children worldwide. His vaccine is considered one of the greatest medical achievements of the 20th century.

Salk grew up in New York City and earned medical degrees from New York University and the University of Michigan. His early research focused on influenza viruses. During World War II, he worked at the U.S. Army's Commissioned Officers' Medical Corps, contributing significantly to virology research. After the war, he joined the University of Pittsburgh, leading a team dedicated to developing a polio vaccine.

In the 1950s, polio was a serious problem in the United States, paralyzing or killing thousands of children annually. After years of intensive research, Salk's team successfully developed an inactivated polio vaccine in 1955. The announcement shocked the nation and sparked a worldwide effort to implement widespread vaccination. Although he didn't profit from the vaccine (he refused to patent it), Salk's contributions to public health were widely recognized and lauded.

Salk's legacy extends beyond his scientific breakthroughs to his profound humanitarianism. He strongly believed that the vaccine should be available to everyone, regardless of socioeconomic status. His selflessness and dedication to human health continue to inspire researchers and medical professionals worldwide to strive for improved public health and well-being.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你知道乔纳斯·索尔克吗？
B: 当然，他是发明脊髓灰质炎疫苗的科学家！
A: 是的，他的贡献挽救了无数儿童的生命，对美国乃至全球的公共卫生事业都做出了巨大贡献。你知道他疫苗研制成功背后的故事吗？
B: 不太了解具体细节，只知道他很伟大。
A: 他致力于让疫苗人人可及，甚至放弃了疫苗专利，真是令人敬佩。这体现了美国当时对公共卫生事业的重视和对全人类的博爱精神。
B: 真是了不起！这和现在美国的一些医药研发模式很不一样，索尔克的奉献精神值得学习。
A: 的确如此，他是一个真正的英雄。

拼音

A: nǐ zhīdào qiáonà sī · suǒ'ěr kè ma?
B: dāngrán, tā shì fā míng jíshuǐ huīgzhì yán yìmiáo de kēxué jiā!
A: shì de, tā de gòngxiàn wǎnjiù le wúshù értóng de shēngmìng, duì měiguó nǎizhì quánqiú de gōnggòng wèishēng shìyè dōu zuò chū le jùdà gòngxiàn. nǐ zhīdào tā yìmiáo yánzhì chénggōng bèihòu de gùshì ma?
B: bù tài liǎojiě jùtǐ xiángqíng, zhǐ zhīdào tā hěn wěidà.
A: tā zhìlì yú ràng yìmiáo rénrén kějí, shènzhì fàngqì le yìmiáo zhuànlì, zhēnshi lìng rén jìngpèi. zhè tíchǎn le měiguó dànshí duì gōnggòng wèishēng shìyè de zhòngshì hé duì quán rénlèi de bó'ài jīngshen.
B: zhēnshi liǎobùqǐ! zhè hé xiànzài měiguó de yīxiē yīyào yánfā móshì hěn bù yīyàng, suǒ'ěr kè de fèngxiàn jīngshen zhídé xuéxí.
A: duìcí, tā shì yīgè zhēnzhèng de yīngxióng.

English

A: Do you know Jonas Salk?
B: Of course, he's the scientist who invented the polio vaccine!
A: Yes, his contribution saved countless children's lives and made a huge contribution to public health in the United States and around the world. Do you know the story behind the success of his vaccine research?
B: I don't know the details, I only know that he is great.
A: He was dedicated to making the vaccine accessible to everyone, and even gave up the patent for the vaccine, which is really admirable. This reflects the importance that the United States placed on public health at the time and the spirit of philanthropy towards all mankind.
B: That's amazing! It's very different from some of the pharmaceutical R&D models in the United States today, and Salk's dedication is worth learning from.
A: Indeed, he is a true hero.

Cultural Background

中文

发明脊髓灰质炎疫苗是美国医学史上的里程碑事件，体现了美国在公共卫生领域的重大突破和社会进步。

索尔克放弃疫苗专利，体现了美国社会部分人崇尚公益、奉献的精神，也与美国社会对知识产权的保护与利用方式有关。

Advanced Expressions

中文

Jonas Salk's selfless dedication to public health serves as a beacon of humanitarianism.

The eradication of polio stands as a testament to the power of scientific collaboration and public health initiatives.

Salk's legacy transcends mere scientific achievement; it embodies a spirit of altruism and social responsibility that continues to inspire.

Key Points

中文

适用于向对历史名人、医学史或美国文化感兴趣的人介绍 Jonas Salk。,年龄和身份适用性广泛，几乎所有人都能理解和欣赏。,常见错误：发音错误，对 Salk 的贡献理解不全面。

Practice Tips

中文

可以先从简单的介绍开始，逐步深入到他的生平和贡献。

可以结合图片或视频资料，使介绍更加生动形象。

可以练习用不同的表达方式来介绍 Jonas Salk，例如比较正式的学术报告或者比较轻松的日常对话。