克拉伦斯·达罗 Clarence Darrow Kě lā rùn sī · Dá luó

Content Introduction

中文

克拉伦斯·达罗(Clarence Darrow,1857年-1938年)是美国历史上最杰出的律师之一,以其激进的法律理念、出色的辩护技巧和对社会正义的坚定承诺而闻名。他出生在一个贫困的家庭,靠自学成才,最终成为了一名备受尊敬的律师。达罗的职业生涯横跨了美国社会巨变的时期,他参与了许多备受瞩目的案件,这些案件的焦点往往都围绕着社会道德、宗教信仰和法律体系的局限性。他最著名的案件之一是斯科普斯猴子审判(Scopes Monkey Trial),他为教员约翰·斯科普斯辩护,后者因在课堂上教授进化论而被指控违反田纳西州法律。达罗的辩护巧妙地挑战了原告对科学和宗教的狭隘理解,尽管斯科普斯最终被判有罪,但达罗的辩护却激起了公众对宗教自由和科学教育的广泛讨论,对美国社会产生了深远的影响。除了斯科普斯猴子审判外,达罗还代理过许多其他重要的案件,例如利奥波德和洛布案(Leopold and Loeb case),这两个年轻人在芝加哥犯下了一起震惊全国的谋杀案。达罗并没有为他们寻找借口,而是深入挖掘了他们犯罪背后的社会原因以及心理问题,这体现了他深刻的社会洞察力和对人性的理解。达罗的法律实践并非仅仅局限于法庭,他积极参与社会运动,发表了许多文章和演讲,表达他对社会公正的追求以及对弱势群体的关怀。他是一位激进的自由主义者,反对死刑,提倡人权,并对当时美国社会中存在的贫富差距、社会不公等问题表达了强烈的批判。他的思想和行动,对美国法律制度和社会发展都产生了深远的影响,他被誉为美国历史上最具影响力的律师之一。

拼音

Kě lā rùn sī · Dá luó (Clarence Darrow, 1857 nián - 1938 nián) shì Měiguó lìshǐ shang zuì jiéchū de lǜshī zhī yī, yǐ qí jī jìn de fǎlǜ lǐniàn, chū sè de biànhù jìqiǎo hé duì shèhuì zhèngyì de jiāndiàn chéngnuò ér wénmíng. Tā chūshēng zài yīgè pínkùn de jiātíng, kào zìxué chéngcái, zuìzhōng chéngwéi le yī míng bèi shòu zūnjìng de lǜshī. Dá luó de zhíyè shēngyá héng kuà le Měiguó shèhuì jùbiàn de shíqī, tā cānyù le hěn duō bèi shòu zhǔmù de ànjiàn, zhèxiē ànjiàn de jiāodiǎn wǎngwǎng dōu wéirào zhe shèhuì dàodé, zōngjiào xìnyǎng hé fǎlǜ xìtǒng de júxiànxìng. Tā zuì zhùmíng de ànjiàn zhī yī shì Sī kòupǔ hóuzi shěnpàn (Scopes Monkey Trial), tā wèi jiàoyuán Yuēhàn · Sī kòupǔ biàn hù, hòuzhě yīn wèi zài kètáng shàng jiàoshòu jìnhuà lùn ér bèi zhǐkòng wéifǎn Tiánnàxī zhōu fǎlǜ. Dá luó de biànhù qiǎomiào de tiǎozhàn le yuángào duì kēxué hé zōngjiào de xiá'ài lǐjiě, jǐnguǎn Sī kòupǔ zuìzhōng bèi pàn yǒuzuì, dàn Dá luó de biànhù què jīqǐ le gōngzhòng duì zōngjiào zìyóu hé kēxué jiàoyù de guǎngfàn tǎolùn, duì Měiguó shèhuì chǎnshēng le shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng. Chú le Sī kòupǔ hóuzi shěnpàn wài, Dá luó hái dàilǐ guò hěn duō qítā zhòngyào de ànjiàn, lìrú Lì'àopǔ hé Luò bù àn (Leopold and Loeb case), zhè liǎng ge niánqīng rén zài Zhījiāgēo fàn xià le yī qǐ zhènjīng quánguó de móushā àn. Dá luó bìng méiyǒu wèi tāmen xúnzhǎo jièkǒu, ér shì shēnrù wājué le tāmen fànzuì bèihòu de shèhuì yuányīn yǐjí xīnlǐ wèntí, zhè tǐxiàn le tā shēnkè de shèhuì dòngchā lì hé duì rénxìng de lǐjiě. Dá luó de fǎlǜ shíjiàn bìng fēi jǐnjūn júxiàn yú fǎtíng, tā jījí cānyù shèhuì yùndòng, fābǐao le hěn duō wénzhāng hé yǎnjiǎng, biǎodá tā duì shèhuì gōngzhèng de zhuīqiú yǐjí duì ruòshì qūntǐ de guānhuai. Tā shì yī wèi jī jìn de zìyóu zhǔyì zhě, fǎnduì sǐxíng, tícháng rénquán, bìng duì dāngshí Měiguó shèhuì zhōng cúnzài de pínfù chājù, shèhuì bùgōng děng wèntí biǎodá le qiángliè de pīpàn. Tā de sīxiǎng hé xíngdòng, duì Měiguó fǎlǜ zhìdù hé shèhuì fāzhǎn dōu chǎnshēng le shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng, tā bèi yù wèi Měiguó lìshǐ shang zuì jù yǐngxiǎng lì de lǜshī zhī yī.

English

Clarence Darrow (1857-1938) was one of the most prominent lawyers in American history, renowned for his radical legal philosophy, masterful advocacy skills, and unwavering commitment to social justice. Born into poverty, he was largely self-educated and rose to become a highly respected lawyer. Darrow's career spanned a period of immense social change in America, and he was involved in many high-profile cases that often grappled with issues of social morality, religious belief, and the limitations of the legal system. One of his most famous cases was the Scopes Monkey Trial, where he defended John Scopes, a teacher accused of violating Tennessee law by teaching evolution in his classroom. Darrow's defense cleverly challenged the prosecution's narrow understanding of science and religion. Although Scopes was ultimately found guilty, Darrow's defense sparked widespread public discussion about religious freedom and science education, leaving a lasting impact on American society. Beyond the Scopes Trial, Darrow handled numerous other significant cases, such as the Leopold and Loeb case, where two young men committed a nationally sensational murder in Chicago. Rather than making excuses for them, Darrow delved into the social causes and psychological factors behind their crime, demonstrating his profound social insight and understanding of human nature. Darrow's legal practice extended far beyond the courtroom. He actively participated in social movements, publishing numerous articles and delivering speeches expressing his pursuit of social justice and his concern for vulnerable groups. A radical liberal, he opposed capital punishment, advocated for human rights, and strongly criticized the social inequalities and injustices prevalent in American society at the time. His thoughts and actions have had a profound impact on the American legal system and societal development, and he is considered one of the most influential lawyers in American history.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过克拉伦斯·达罗吗?
B: 听说过,他是美国著名的律师,对吧?
A: 是的,他以其激进的辩护和对社会正义的承诺而闻名。你知道他参与过哪些著名的案件吗?
B: 我知道他为斯科普斯猴子审判辩护,还参与过一些其他的著名案件,例如尼尔森案,这些案件都体现了他的法律思想和社会观点。
A: 他真的改变了美国法律史,对吧?他的辩护策略和方法常常被后来的律师们学习和借鉴。
B: 没错,他的思想和影响一直延续至今,他不仅是一位杰出的律师,更是一位对社会有深刻影响的人物。

拼音

A: Nǐ tīng shuō guò Kě lā rùn sī · Dá luó ma?
B: Tīng shuō guò, tā shì Měiguó zhùmíng de lǜshī, duì ba?
A: Shì de, tā yǐ qí jī jìn de biàn hù hé duì shèhuì zhèngyì de chéngnuò ér wénmíng. Nǐ zhīdào tā cānyù guò nǎxiē zhùmíng de ànjiàn ma?
B: Wǒ zhīdào tā wèi Sī kòupǔ hóuzi shěnpàn biàn hù, hái cānyù guò yīxiē qítā de zhùmíng ànjiàn, lìrú Ní'ěrsēn àn, zhèxiē ànjiàn dōu tǐxiàn le tā de fǎlǜ sīxiǎng hé shèhuì guān diǎn.
A: Tā zhēn de gǎibiàn le Měiguó fǎlǜ shǐ, duì ba? Tā de biàn hù cèlüè hé fāngfǎ chángcháng bèi hòulái de lǜshīmen xuéxí hé jièjiàn.
B: Mèicuò, tā de sīxiǎng hé yǐngxiǎng yī zhí yánxù zhì jīn, tā bù jǐn shì yī wèi jiéchū de lǜshī, gèng shì yī wèi duì shèhuì yǒu shēnkè yǐngxiǎng de rénwù.

English

A: Have you ever heard of Clarence Darrow?
B: Yes, I have. He was a famous American lawyer, right?
A: Yes, he was known for his radical defense strategies and commitment to social justice. Do you know any of the famous cases he was involved in?
B: I know he defended John Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial and he was involved in other notable cases like the Leopold and Loeb case, which reflected his legal thoughts and social views.
A: He really changed American legal history, didn't he? His defense strategies and methods are often studied and emulated by later lawyers.
B: That's right. His ideas and influence continue to this day. He was not only an outstanding lawyer but also a person with a profound impact on society.

Cultural Background

中文

Clarence Darrow is a significant figure in American legal history, representing a period of great social and political change.

Understanding his cases requires understanding the context of American society in the early 20th century, including debates about religion, science, and social justice.

The conversations should demonstrate an awareness of the cultural significance of Darrow and his legacy.

Advanced Expressions

中文

His radical defense strategies often challenged the prevailing social norms and legal precedents.

Darrow's unwavering commitment to social justice transcended the individual cases he handled.

He was a master of legal rhetoric and courtroom drama, skillfully manipulating public opinion.

Key Points

中文

This topic is suitable for discussions about American history, legal history, and social justice.,The age and identity of the participants do not significantly affect the conversation.,Avoid generalizations or misinterpretations of Darrow's complex legacy.,Be mindful of the sensitive nature of some of the cases he handled.

Practice Tips

中文

Research specific cases handled by Clarence Darrow to add depth and detail to your conversations.

Practice using advanced vocabulary and sentence structures to elevate the quality of your conversations.

Prepare for different perspectives and potential counterarguments to enhance the engagement of the conversations.