史蒂芬·A·道格拉斯 Stephen A. Douglas Shǐdīfēn·A·dàogélāsī

Content Introduction

中文

史蒂芬·A·道格拉斯（Stephen Arnold Douglas，1813年4月23日－1861年6月3日）是一位极具影响力的美国政治家，尤其在19世纪中叶的美国政治舞台上扮演着重要的角色。他以其卓越的辩论技巧和强烈的政治抱负而闻名于世。道格拉斯出生于一个相对贫寒的家庭，凭借自身的努力和天赋，他获得了法律学位，并迅速在政治领域崭露头角。他热衷于参与政治辩论，并展现了非凡的口才和雄辩才能。他的政治生涯主要在伊利诺伊州度过，他曾担任该州的国会议员和参议员。

道格拉斯最著名的成就之一是他积极推动密苏里妥协案的通过，试图缓和南北双方在奴隶制问题上的矛盾。然而，他的努力最终未能阻止内战的爆发。他与亚伯拉罕·林肯之间在1858年的参议员竞选中进行了一系列激烈的辩论，这场辩论以其清晰的论点和双方观点的鲜明对比而被载入史册，这场辩论也预示了美国即将到来的内战。道格拉斯在这些辩论中倡导“人民主权”的理念，认为每一个州应该有权自行决定奴隶制问题。林肯则反对这种观点，主张维护联邦的统一。

尽管道格拉斯在与林肯的竞选中落败，但他对美国历史的影响依然深远。他是一个有争议的人物，他的“人民主权”理论被批评为助长了奴隶制的扩张。然而，他对于美国政治的贡献不容忽视，他在维护国家团结、促进政治对话和推动西部扩张方面都发挥了重要的作用。道格拉斯在1860年的总统大选中再次参与竞选，但最终仍以失败告终。然而他的政治遗产，以及他作为一位杰出演说家和政治家的声誉，至今仍为世人所铭记。他的生平为后人研究美国内战的历史背景和政治思想提供了宝贵的资料。

拼音

Shǐdīfēn·A·dàogélāsī (Stephen Arnold Douglas, 1813 nián 4 yuè 23 rì－1861 nián 6 yuè 3 rì) shì yī wèi jí jù yǐngxiǎng lì de měiguó zhèngzhì jiā, yóuqí zài 19 shìjì zhōngyè de měiguó zhèngzhì wǔtái shàng bǎnyǎn zhe zhòngyào de juésè. tā yǐ qí zhuōyuè de biànlùn jìqiǎo hé qiángliè de zhèngzhì bàofù ér wénmíng yú shì. dàogélāsī chūshēng yú yīgè xiāngduì pín hán de jiātíng, píngjí zìshēn de nǔlì hé tiānfù, tā huòdé le fǎlǜ xuéwèi, bìng sùnsù zài zhèngzhì lǐngyù zhǎnlù tóujiǎo. tā rèzhōng yú cānyù zhèngzhì biànlùn, bìng zhǎnxiàn le fēifán de kǒucái hé xióngbiàn cáinéng. tā de zhèngzhì shēngyá zhǔyào zài yìlìnuòyī zhōu duguo, tā céng dāngrén gāi zhōu de guóhuì yìyuán hé cānyìyuán.

dàogélāsī zuì zhùmíng de chéngjiù zhī yī shì tā jījí tuīdòng mìsūlǐ tǎoxiē àn de tōngguò, shìtú huǎnhé nánběi shuāngfāng zài núlì zhì wèntí shàng de máodùn. rán'ér, tā de nǔlì zuìzhōng wèi néng zǔzhǐ nèizhàn de bàofā. tā yǔ yàbó lā hān·línkěn zhī jiān zài 1858 nián de cānyìyuán jìngxuǎn zhōng jìnxíng le yī xìliè jīliè de biànlùn, zhè chǎng biànlùn yǐ qí qīngxī de lùndiǎn hé shuāngfāng guāndiǎn de xiānmíng duìbǐ ér bèi zǎirù shǐcè, zhè chǎng biànlùn yě yùshì le měiguó jíjiāng dào lái de nèizhàn. dàogélāsī zài zhèxiē biànlùn zhōng chǎngdǎo “rénmín zhǔquán” de lǐniàn, rènwéi měi yīgè zhōu shìngyīng yǒu quán zìxíng juédìng núlì zhì wèntí. línkěn zé fǎnduì zhè zhǒng guāndiǎn, zhǔchāng wéichí liánbāng de tǒngyī.

guǎn dù dàogélāsī zài yǔ línkěn de jìngxuǎn zhōng luòbài, dàn tā duì měiguó lìshǐ de yǐngxiǎng yīrán shēnyuǎn. tā shì yīgè yǒu zhēngyì de rénwù, tā de “rénmín zhǔquán” lǐlùn bèi pīpíng wèi zhùzhǎng le núlì zhì de kuòzhǎn. rán'ér, tā duìyú měiguó zhèngzhì de gòngxiàn bùróng hūshì, tā zài wéichí guójiā tuánjié、cùjìn zhèngzhì duìhuà hé tuīdòng xībù kuòzhǎn fāngmiàn dōu fāhuī le zhòngyào de zuòyòng. dàogélāsī zài 1860 nián de zǒngtǒng dàxuǎn zhōng zàicì cānyù jìngxuǎn, dàn zuìzhōng réng yǐ shībài gàojiǒng. rán'ér tā de zhèngzhì yíchǎn, yǐjí tā zuòwéi yī wèi jiéchū yǎnshuōjiā hé zhèngzhì jiā de shēngyù, zhìjīn réng wèi shìrén suǒ míngjì. tā de shēngpíng wèi hòurén yánjiū měiguó nèizhàn de lìshǐ bèijǐng hé zhèngzhì sīxiǎng tígōng le bǎoguì de zīliào.

English

Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an influential American politician who played a significant role in the mid-19th century American political landscape. He was known for his exceptional debating skills and strong political ambitions. Born into a relatively humble family, Douglas, through his hard work and talent, earned a law degree and quickly rose to prominence in the political arena. He was a keen participant in political debates and displayed extraordinary eloquence and persuasive abilities.

His political career largely unfolded in Illinois, where he served as a congressman and senator. One of Douglas's most notable achievements was his active role in pushing through the Compromise of 1850, attempting to mitigate tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery. However, his efforts ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of the Civil War. His series of debates with Abraham Lincoln during the 1858 senatorial campaign are legendary, notable for their clear arguments and stark contrast in viewpoints; they foreshadowed the impending Civil War. In these debates, Douglas advocated for "popular sovereignty," the idea that each territory should have the right to decide the slavery issue for itself. Lincoln, conversely, opposed this view, arguing for the preservation of the Union.

Despite losing the senatorial race to Lincoln, Douglas's impact on American history remains profound. He was a controversial figure; his "popular sovereignty" doctrine was criticized for contributing to the expansion of slavery. Nevertheless, his contributions to American politics are undeniable; he played a significant role in maintaining national unity, fostering political dialogue, and promoting westward expansion. He ran again for president in 1860 but was ultimately unsuccessful. Yet, his political legacy, and his reputation as a formidable orator and statesman, continue to be remembered. His life provides invaluable material for studying the historical context and political thought leading up to the American Civil War.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你了解史蒂芬·A·道格拉斯吗？
B: 听说过，他是美国历史上著名的政治家，对吧？
A: 对，他是19世纪的杰出人物，曾与林肯进行激烈的总统竞选辩论。
B: 那场辩论的影响力很大吗？
A: 非常大！这场辩论深刻地影响了美国政治格局，也塑造了林肯的形象，最终让他赢得了总统选举。
B: 所以说，道格拉斯虽然失败了，但他的作用依然不可忽视？
A: 是的，他的政治理念和活动深刻地影响了美国的历史进程。

拼音

A: nǐ liǎojiě shǐdīfēn·A·dàogélāsī ma?
B: tīngshuō guò, tā shì měiguó lìshǐ shàng zhùmíng de zhèngzhìjiā, duì ba?
A: duì, tā shì 19 shìjì de jiéchū rénwù, céng yǔ línkěn jìnxíng jīliè de zǒngtǒng jìngxuǎn biànlùn.
B: nà chǎng biànlùn de yǐngxiǎnglì hěn dà ma?
A: fēicháng dà! zhè chǎng biànlùn shēnkè de yǐngxiǎng le měiguó zhèngzhì géjú, yě shùzào le línkěn de xíngxiàng, zuìzhōng ràng tā yíngdé le zǒngtǒng xuǎnjǔ.
B: suǒyǐ shuō, dàogélāsī suīrán shībài le, dàn tā de zuòyòng yīrán bùkě hūshì?
A: shì de, tā de zhèngzhì lǐniàn hé huódòng shēnkè de yǐngxiǎng le měiguó de lìshǐ jìnchéng.

English

A: Do you know about Stephen A. Douglas?
B: I've heard of him. He was a famous politician in American history, right?
A: Yes, he was a prominent figure in the 19th century, famously debated with Lincoln during the presidential campaign.
B: Was that debate very influential?
A: Extremely! It deeply impacted the American political landscape and shaped Lincoln's image, ultimately leading to his election victory.
B: So, even though Douglas lost, his role was still significant?
A: Yes, his political ideas and actions deeply influenced the course of American history.

Cultural Background

中文

"人民主权" (rénmín zhǔquán) is a key concept in understanding Douglas's political stance. It reflects the political climate of the time, where states' rights were a central debate.

The Lincoln-Douglas debates were a pivotal moment in American history, showcasing the clash of ideologies leading to the Civil War. They are still studied today as examples of powerful political rhetoric.

Understanding the Compromise of 1850 is crucial to grasping the context of Douglas's political actions. It was an attempt to maintain peace between the North and South, ultimately failing to prevent the Civil War.

Advanced Expressions

中文

道格拉斯的‘人民主权’理论在当时极具争议性，它既反映了地方分权的政治思潮，也间接地促进了奴隶制的扩张。(Dàogélāsī de ‘rénmín zhǔquán’ lǐlùn zài dāngshí jí jù zhēngyì xìng, tā jì fǎnyìng le dìfāng fēnquán de zhèngzhì sīcháo, yě jiānjiē de cùjìn le núlì zhì de kuòzhǎn.)

林肯与道格拉斯的辩论堪称美国历史上最经典的政治辩论之一，它不仅预示了内战的爆发，也深刻地影响了美国政治思想的发展。(Línkěn yǔ dàogélāsī de biànlùn kān chēng měiguó lìshǐ shàng zuì jīngdiǎn de zhèngzhì biànlùn zhī yī, tā bùjǐn yùshì le nèizhàn de bàofā, yě shēnkè de yǐngxiǎng le měiguó zhèngzhì sīxiǎng de fāzhǎn.)

Key Points

中文

适用于对美国历史、政治感兴趣的人群，特别是对19世纪美国政治、内战历史感兴趣的人群。,年龄和身份没有限制，但建议对美国历史有一定了解的基础上进行学习。,常见错误：混淆道格拉斯与林肯的政治立场，误解‘人民主权’的含义。

Practice Tips

中文

可以查找与林肯-道格拉斯辩论相关的资料，进行角色扮演练习。

可以结合美国历史背景，深入理解‘人民主权’在当时的历史语境中的含义。

可以用英语进行对话练习，以提高跨文化交流的能力。