大萧条（20世纪30年代） The Great Depression (1930s) Dà Xiāotiáo (Èrshí Shìjì Sānshí Niándài)

Content Introduction

中文

20世纪30年代的大萧条是资本主义世界历史上最严重的经济危机之一，对美国的影响尤为深远。这场危机始于1929年10月24日的华尔街股市崩盘，随后迅速蔓延至全球。

大萧条导致了美国经济的急剧萎缩，工业生产下降超过三分之一，失业率飙升至25%以上。数百万美国人失业，流离失所，贫困和饥饿成为普遍现象。农场破产，农民背负巨债。许多城市出现“棚户区”，居民生活在极度贫困之中。

这场危机不仅带来了经济上的损失，更对美国社会造成了巨大的精神打击。许多人对未来感到绝望和迷茫，社会动荡加剧。为了应对危机，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福实施了一系列被称为“新政”的经济和社会改革计划。新政旨在通过政府干预来刺激经济复苏，并为失业者提供救济。

新政虽然没有立即解决大萧条问题，但它在一定程度上缓解了危机的影响，并为美国社会保障制度的建立奠定了基础。大萧条深刻地改变了美国，它促使政府更加积极地干预经济，也提高了人们对社会福利的需求。大萧条的经历也警示着人们，经济危机的发生并非不可避免，有效的预防措施和应对策略至关重要。

拼音

èrshí shìjì 30 nián dài de dà xiāotiáo shì zīběn zhǔyì shìjiè lìshǐ shàng zuì yánzhòng de jīngjì wēijī zhī yī, duì měiguó de yǐngxiǎng yóuwéi shēnyuǎn. zhè chǎng wēijī shǐ yú 1929 nián 10 yuè 24 rì de huá'ěrjiē gǔshì bēngpán, suíhòu xùnsù manyàn zhì quánqiú.

dà xiāotiáo dǎozhì le měiguó jīngjì de jíjù wēisuō, gōngyè shēngchǎn xiàjiàng chāoguò sān fēn zhī yī, shīyè lǜ biāoshēng zhì 25% yǐshàng. shù bǎi wàn měiguó rén shīyè, liúlí shìsuǒ, pínkùn hé jī'è chéngwéi pǔbiàn xiànxiàng. nóngchǎng pò chǎn, nóngmín bèifù jùzhài. xǔduō chéngshì chūxiàn “pénghù qū”, jūmín shēnghuó zài jídù pínkùn zhīzhōng.

zhè chǎng wēijī bù jǐn dài lái le jīngjì shàng de sǔnshī, gèng duì měiguó shèhuì zàochéng le jùdà de jīngshen dǎjī. xǔduō rén duì wèilái gǎndào wúwàng hé mímáng, shèhuì dòngdàng jiā jù. wèile yìngduì wēijī, měiguó zǒng tǒng fùlánkè lín·luósīfū shīshí le yī xìliè bèichēng wèi “xīnzhèng” de jīngjì hé shèhuì gǎigé jìhuà. xīnzhèng zhìmài yú tōngguò zhèngfǔ gānyù lái cìjī jīngjì fùsū, bìng wèi shīyè zhě tígōng jiùjì.

xīnzhèng suīrán méiyǒu lìjí jiějué dà xiāotiáo wèntí, dàn tā zài yīdìng chéngdù shàng huǎnjiě le wēijī de yǐngxiǎng, bìng wèi měiguó shèhuì bǎozhàng zhìdù de jiànlì diàndìng le jīchǔ. dà xiāotiáo shēnkè de gǎibiàn le měiguó, tā cùshǐ zhèngfǔ gèngjiā jījí de gānyù jīngjì, yě tígāo le rénmen duì shèhuì fúlì de xūqiú. dà xiāotiáo de jīnglì yě jǐngshì zhù rénmen, jīngjì wēijī de fāshēng bìngfēi bùkě bìmiǎn, yǒuxiào de yùfáng cuòshī hé yìngduì cèlüè zhìguān zhòngyào.

English

The Great Depression of the 1930s was one of the most severe economic crises in the history of the capitalist world, with particularly profound effects on the United States. The crisis began with the Wall Street stock market crash of October 24, 1929, and quickly spread globally.

The Great Depression caused a dramatic contraction of the American economy. Industrial production fell by more than one-third, and the unemployment rate soared to over 25%. Millions of Americans lost their jobs and became homeless; poverty and hunger became widespread. Farms went bankrupt, and farmers were burdened with massive debts. Many cities saw the emergence of “Hoovervilles,” where people lived in dire poverty.

This crisis not only brought economic losses but also inflicted a significant psychological blow on American society. Many people felt despair and uncertainty about the future, and social unrest intensified. To combat the crisis, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented a series of economic and social reform programs known as the New Deal. The New Deal aimed to stimulate economic recovery through government intervention and provide relief for the unemployed.

While the New Deal did not immediately solve the Great Depression, it did mitigate the crisis's effects to some extent and laid the foundation for the establishment of the American social security system. The Great Depression profoundly changed America; it led to greater government intervention in the economy and increased demand for social welfare. The experience of the Great Depression also served as a warning that economic crises are not inevitable, and effective preventive measures and response strategies are crucial.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你知道20世纪30年代的大萧条吗？
B: 当然知道，那可是美国历史上最严重的经济危机之一。
A: 是的，它对美国社会的影响非常深远。你能具体说说吗？
B: 好的，大萧条导致了严重的失业，很多人流离失所，贫困和饥饿问题严重。
A: 政府采取了什么措施来应对？
B: 罗斯福新政是一系列的经济和社会改革计划，旨在缓解大萧条的影响，比如建立社会保障制度等。
A: 听起来确实很艰难，大萧条给美国人民带来了怎样的精神打击？
B: 大萧条不仅带来了经济上的损失，更让很多人对未来感到绝望和迷茫，精神打击很大。

拼音

A: nǐ zhīdào 20 shìjì 30 nián dài de dà xiāotiáo ma?
B: dāngrán zhīdào, nà kěshì měiguó lìshǐ shàng zuì yánzhòng de jīngjì wēijī zhī yī.
A: shì de, tā duì měiguó shèhuì de yǐngxiǎng fēicháng shēnyuǎn. nǐ néng jùtǐ shuōshuō ma?
B: hǎo de, dà xiāotiáo dǎozhì le yánzhòng de shīyè, hěn duō rén liúlí shìsuǒ, pínkùn hé jī'è wèntí yánzhòng.
A: zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ le shénme cuòshī lái yìngduì?
B: luósīfū xīnzhèng shì yī xìliè de jīngjì hé shèhuì gǎigé jìhuà, zhìmài yú huǎnjiě dà xiāotiáo de yǐngxiǎng, bǐrú jiànlì shèhuì bǎozhàng zhìdù děng.
A: tīng qǐlái quèshí hěn jiānnán, dà xiāotiáo gěi měiguó rénmín dài lái le zěnyàng de jīngshen dǎjī?
B: dà xiāotiáo bù jǐn dài lái le jīngjì shàng de sǔnshī, gèng ràng hěn duō rén duì wèilái gǎndào wúwàng hé mímáng, jīngshen dǎjī hěn dà.

English

A: Do you know about the Great Depression of the 1930s?
B: Of course, it was one of the most severe economic crises in American history.
A: Yes, it had a profound impact on American society. Can you elaborate?
B: Sure, the Great Depression led to massive unemployment, homelessness, poverty and hunger.
A: What measures did the government take to respond?
B: The New Deal was a series of economic and social reform programs aimed at alleviating the effects of the Great Depression, such as establishing the Social Security System.
A: It sounds really difficult, what kind of spiritual blow did the Great Depression bring to the American people?
B: The Great Depression not only brought economic losses, but also caused many people to feel despair and confusion about the future, it had a significant spiritual blow.

Cultural Background

中文

大萧条是美国历史上一个重要的转折点，它改变了美国政府与社会的关系。

理解大萧条需要了解当时的美国社会结构、经济模式和政治背景。

谈论大萧条时，应注意避免使用带有偏见或歧视性的语言。

Advanced Expressions

中文

The economic fallout of the Great Depression was felt worldwide.

The New Deal represented a paradigm shift in the role of government.

The Great Depression underscored the fragility of unregulated capitalism.

Key Points

中文

该场景适用于对美国历史和文化有一定了解的人群，例如大学生、历史爱好者等。,在使用该场景时，应注意语言的准确性和严谨性，避免使用口语化的表达方式。,不同年龄段的人对大萧条的理解和感受可能不同，在与不同年龄段的人交流时，应根据实际情况调整表达方式。

Practice Tips

中文

可以利用图片、视频等多媒体材料来辅助学习和练习。

可以尝试将该场景与其他相关的历史事件联系起来，例如罗斯福新政等。

可以与其他学习者一起进行角色扮演，提高口语表达能力。