对信用评分的关注 The Obsession with Credit Scores Duì xìnyòng píngfēn de guānzhù

Content Introduction

中文

在美国,信用评分(Credit Score)是一个至关重要的数字,它深刻地影响着人们生活的方方面面。不像中国主要依靠人际关系和担保,美国社会更强调信用体系的构建,信用评分成为衡量个人信用风险的关键指标。

信用评分由信用报告机构(如Equifax, Experian, TransUnion)根据个人信用历史数据计算得出,主要考虑因素包括还款记录、所欠金额、信用历史长度、新信用申请以及信用类型的多样性。评分越高,表示信用风险越低,反之亦然。

这个系统并非完美无缺,它可能存在一些缺陷,比如对低收入群体不够公平,或者容易受到身份盗窃的影响。但它在美国社会中扮演着举足轻重的角色,人们普遍重视维护良好的信用评分,以获得更好的金融服务、租房机会和就业机会。信用评分低的人可能会面临更高的贷款利率、更高的租金、以及被雇主拒绝的风险。

对信用评分的痴迷也反映出美国社会对个人责任感和财务自律的强调,它在一定程度上促进了社会的信用建设,但也带来了一些负面影响,例如对信用评分的过度关注可能会导致人们过度负债,为了保持高信用评分而牺牲其他生活方面。

理解美国信用评分体系对于在美华人,乃至与美国人进行商业往来的人们来说都至关重要,因为它直接关系到个人的经济和社会生活。

拼音

Zài měiguó,xìnyòng píngfēn (Credit Score) shì yīgè zhì guān zhòngyào de shùzì,tā shēnkè de yǐngxiǎngzhe rénmen shēnghuó de fāng fāng miàn miàn。Bù xiàng zhōngguó zhǔyào yīkào rénjì guānxi hé dānbǎo,měiguó shèhuì gèng qiángdiào xìnyòng tǐxì de gòujiàn,xìnyòng píngfēn chéngwéi héngliáng gèrén xìnyòng fēngxiǎn de guānjiàn zhǐbiāo。

Xìnyòng píngfēn yóu xìnyòng bàogào jīgòu (rú Equifax, Experian, TransUnion) gēnjù gèrén xìnyòng lìshǐ shùjù jìsuàn déchū,zhǔyào kǎolǜ yīnsù bāokuò huánkuǎn jìlù、suǒ qiàn jīn'é、xìnyòng lìshǐ chángdù、xīn xìnyòng shēnqǐng yǐjí xìnyòng lèixíng de duōyàngxìng。Píngfēn yuè gāo,biǎoshì xìnyòng fēngxiǎn yuè dī,fǎnzhī yìrán。

Zhège xìtǒng bìngfēi wánměi wúquē,tā kěnéng cúnzài yīxiē quēxiàn,bǐrú duì dī shōurù qūntǐ bùgòu gōngpíng,huòzhě róngyì shòudào shēnfèn dǎoqiè de yǐngxiǎng。Dàn tā zài měiguó shèhuì zhōng bànyǎnzhe jǔzú zhòngzhòng de juésè,rénmen pǔbiàn zhòngshì wéichí liánghǎo de xìnyòng píngfēn,yǐ huòdé gèng hǎo de jīnróng fúwù、zūfáng jīhuì hé jiùyè jīhuì。Xìnyòng píngfēn dī de rén kěnéng huì miànlín gèng gāo de dàikuǎn lìlǜ、gèng gāo de zūjīn、yǐjí bèi gùzhǔ jùjué de fēngxiǎn。

Duì xìnyòng píngfēn de chīmí yě fǎnyìng chū měiguó shèhuì duì gèrén zérèn gǎn hé cáiwù zìlǜ de qiángdiào,tā zài yīdìng chéngdù shàng cùjìn le shèhuì de xìnyòng jiàn shè,dàn yě dài lái le yīxiē fùmiàn yǐngxiǎng,lìrú duì xìnyòng píngfēn de guòdù guānzhù kěnéng huì dǎozhì rénmen guòdù fùzhài,wèile bǎochí gāo xìnyòng píngfēn ér xīshēng qítā shēnghuó fāngmiàn。

Lǐjiě měiguó xìnyòng píngfēn tǐxì duìyú zài měi huárén,nǎizhì yǔ měiguórén jìnxíng shāngyè wǎnglái de rénmen lái shuō dōu zhì guān zhòngyào,yīnwèi tā zhíjiē guānxi dào gèrén de jīngjì hé shèhuì shēnghuó。

English

In the United States, the credit score is a crucial number that profoundly impacts people's lives in various aspects. Unlike China, which primarily relies on interpersonal relationships and guarantees, American society emphasizes the construction of a credit system, with credit scores serving as a key indicator of an individual's credit risk.

Credit scores are calculated by credit reporting agencies (such as Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion) based on personal credit history data. Key factors considered include payment history, amounts owed, length of credit history, new credit applications, and credit mix. A higher score indicates lower credit risk, and vice versa.

This system is not without its flaws. It may be unfair to low-income groups or susceptible to identity theft. However, it plays a pivotal role in American society, and people generally value maintaining a good credit score to access better financial services, rental opportunities, and employment prospects. Individuals with low credit scores may face higher interest rates on loans, higher rents, and the risk of being rejected by employers.

The obsession with credit scores also reflects American society's emphasis on personal responsibility and financial discipline. To some extent, it has promoted the credit construction of society, but it has also brought some negative impacts. For example, excessive attention to credit scores may lead to over-indebtedness, sacrificing other aspects of life to maintain a high credit score.

Understanding the US credit scoring system is crucial for Chinese living in the US and anyone conducting business with Americans, as it directly affects individuals' economic and social lives.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A:你知道吗?在美国,信用评分就像我们的‘第二身份证’一样重要。
B:真的吗?它到底有多重要?
A:非常重要!它影响着你几乎所有重要的事情,比如租房、贷款、申请信用卡,甚至找工作!
B:哇,这么严重?那如果信用评分低怎么办?
A:信用评分低的话,你租房可能很难找到合适的房子,贷款利率也会很高,甚至申请信用卡都可能会被拒。
B:那我们中国人应该怎么理解这个信用评分呢?
A:你可以把它理解成一个综合评估你财务责任感的数字。它衡量你按时还款、负债情况等等。
B:明白了,看来在美国,维护好信用评分真的非常重要。

拼音

A:Nǐ zhīdào ma?Zài měiguó,xìnyòng píngfēn jiù xiàng wǒmen de ‘dì èr shēnfèn zhèng’ yīyàng zhòngyào。
B:Zhēn de ma?Tā dàodǐ yǒu duō zhòngyào?
A:Fēicháng zhòngyào!Tā yǐngxiǎngzhe nǐ jīhū suǒyǒu zhòngyào de shìqing,bǐrú zūfáng、dàikuǎn、shēnqǐng xìnyòngkǎ,shènzhì zhǎo gōngzuò!
B:Wa,zhème yánzhòng?Nà rúguǒ xìnyòng píngfēn dī zěnme bàn?
A:Xìnyòng píngfēn dī de huà,nǐ zūfáng kěnéng hěn nán zhǎodào héshì de fángzi,dàikuǎn lìlǜ yě huì hěn gāo,shènzhì shēnqǐng xìnyòngkǎ dōu kěnéng huì bèi jù。
B:Nà wǒmen zhōngguórén yīnggāi zěnme lǐjiě zhège xìnyòng píngfēn ne?
A:Nǐ kěyǐ bǎ tā lǐjiě chéng yīgè zōnghé pínggū nǐ cáiwù zérèn gǎn de shùzì。Tā héngliáng nǐ àn shí huánkuǎn、fùzhài qíngkuàng děngděng。
B:Míngbái le,kàn lái zài měiguó,wéichí hǎo xìnyòng píngfēn zhēn de fēicháng zhòngyào。

English

A: You know, in the US, a credit score is as important as our "second ID".
B: Really? How important is it?
A: Very important! It affects almost everything important in your life, such as renting an apartment, getting a loan, applying for a credit card, even finding a job!
B: Wow, that's serious! What if your credit score is low?
A: If you have a low credit score, it will be difficult to find a suitable apartment, the interest rate on loans will be very high, and you may even be rejected when applying for a credit card.
B: How should we Chinese understand this credit score?
A: You can think of it as a number that comprehensively evaluates your sense of financial responsibility. It measures whether you repay on time, your debt situation, and so on.
B: I understand. It seems that in the United States, maintaining a good credit score is very important.

Cultural Background

中文

在美国,信用评分是个人信用体系的核心,它对人们的生活影响巨大,如同中国的户口或社会信用评分。

在美国,信用评分是金融机构评估个人信用风险的重要依据,影响着贷款利率、信用卡申请等。

在正式场合谈论信用评分时,应使用正式、专业的语言;在非正式场合,可以口语化一些,但也要注意表达的准确性。

Advanced Expressions

中文

a crucial determinant of one's financial well-being

a significant factor in obtaining favorable financial terms

has far-reaching implications for one's financial life

Key Points

中文

适用于各种年龄和身份的人,但对年轻人和计划申请贷款或信用卡的人尤为重要。,在谈论信用评分时,要避免使用负面或不准确的语言,保持客观和谨慎的态度。,在与美国人交流时,要了解他们的信用评分系统,避免因文化差异造成误解。,信用评分低不等于人品差,可能是因为财务管理经验不足,或者曾经遭遇了意外情况。

Practice Tips

中文

多关注信用评分的构成因素,了解如何提高信用评分。

练习用英语和别人讨论信用评分相关话题,例如贷款申请、租房等。

阅读一些关于美国信用评分的英文文章,提高相关词汇和表达能力。