托马斯·亨特·摩尔根 Thomas Hunt Morgan Tuō mǎ sī · Hèn tè Mò ěr gēn

Content Introduction

中文

托马斯·亨特·摩尔根（Thomas Hunt Morgan，1866年9月25日－1945年12月4日）是美国著名的实验生物学家、遗传学家，被誉为果蝇遗传学的奠基人。他通过长期的果蝇杂交实验，证明了基因位于染色体上，并绘制了果蝇的遗传图谱，为现代遗传学的发展奠定了重要的基础。

摩尔根早年在肯塔基州的莱克星顿长大，在肯塔基州立大学获得学士学位，后在约翰·霍普金斯大学获得动物学博士学位。他曾在美国多个大学任教，并最终在哥伦比亚大学建立了著名的摩尔根实验室。在哥伦比亚大学期间，他领导一个研究团队，对果蝇进行了大量的遗传学实验。通过对果蝇的性状遗传研究，摩尔根及其团队发现了基因连锁和交换现象，并提出了基因在染色体上线性排列的理论。

摩尔根的实验结果不仅证实了孟德尔遗传定律的染色体理论，而且更进一步发展了孟德尔遗传学，开创了染色体遗传学的新纪元。他的研究成果彻底改变了人们对遗传的理解，奠定了现代遗传学的基础，为分子生物学的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。他的工作不仅对生物学有着深远的影响，还对医学、农业等多个领域的发展产生了巨大的推动作用。他的贡献使他获得了1933年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

摩尔根的成就与美国当时蓬勃发展的科学研究环境密不可分。美国在20世纪初的工业革命和经济腾飞的背景下，大力发展科学技术，吸引了大量优秀的科学家，为摩尔根的研究提供了良好的条件，也体现了美国对基础科学研究的重视。

拼音

Tuō mǎ sī · Hèn tè Mò ěr gēn (Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1866 nián 9 yuè 25 rì－1945 nián 12 yuè 4 rì) shì Měiguó zhùmíng de shíyàn shēngwù xué jiā, yì chuán xué jiā, bèi yù wèi guǒ fēng yì chuán xué de diàn jī rén. Tā tōng guò chángqī de guǒ fēng zá jiāo shíyàn, zhèngmíng le jī yīn wèi yú rán sǎo tǐ shang, bìng huì zhì le guǒ fēng de yì chuán tú pǔ, wèi xiàndài yì chuán xué de fāzhǎn diàn lì le zhòngyào de jīchǔ.

Mó'ěr gēn zǎonián zài Kèntā jī zhōu de Lài kè xīng dùn zhǎng dà, zài Kèntā jī zhōu lì dàxué huòdé xuéshì xuéwèi, hòu zài Yuēhàn · Huòpǔ jīn sī dàxué huòdé dòngwù xué bóshì xuéwèi. Tā céng zài Měiguó duō gè dàxué rènjiào, bìng zuìzhōng zài Gēlóngbiyà dàxué jiànlì le zhùmíng de Mó'ěr gēn shíyànshì. Zài Gēlóngbiyà dàxué qījiān, tā lǐngdǎo yīgè yánjiū tuánduì, duì guǒ fēng jìnxíng le dàliàng de yì chuán xué shíyàn. Tōngguò duì guǒ fēng de xìngzhuàng yì chuán yánjiū, Mó'ěr gēn jí qí tuánduì fāxiàn le jī yīn liánsuǒ hé jiāohuàn xiànxiàng, bìng tíchū le jī yīn zài rán sǎo tǐ shang xiànxìng páiliè de lǐlùn.

Mó'ěr gēn de shíyàn jiéguǒ bùjǐn zhèngshí le Mèngdé'ěr yì chuán dìnglǜ de rán sǎo tǐ lǐlùn, érqiě gèng yī bù fāzhǎn le Mèngdé'ěr yì chuán xué, kāichuang le rán sǎo tǐ yì chuán xué de xīn jìnián. Tā de yánjiū chéngguǒ chèdǐ gǎibiàn le rénmen duì yì chuán de lǐjiě, diàn lì le xiàndài yì chuán xué de jīchǔ, wèi fēnzǐ shēngwù xué de fāzhǎn zuò chū le bù kě mòmiè de gòngxiàn. Tā de gōngzuò bùjǐn duì shēngwù xué yǒuzhe shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng, hái duì yīxué, nóngyè děng duō gè lǐngyù de fāzhǎn chǎnshēng le jùdà de tuīdòng zuòyòng. Tā de gòngxiàn shǐ tā huòdé le 1933 nián de Nuòbǎi'ěr shēnglǐ xué huò yīxué jiǎng.

Mó'ěr gēn de chéngjiù yǔ Měiguó dàngxí péngbó fāzhǎn de kēxué yánjiū huánjìng mì bù kě fēn. Měiguó zài 20 shìjì chū de gōngyè gémìng hé jīngjì téngfēi de bèijǐng xià, dàlì fāzhǎn kēxué jìshù, xīyǐn le dàliàng yōuxiù de kēxué jiā, wèi Mó'ěr gēn de yánjiū tígōng le liánghǎo de tiáojiàn, yě tǐxiàn le Měiguó duì jīběn kēxué yánjiū de zhòngshì.

English

Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was a renowned American experimental biologist and geneticist, known as the founder of Drosophila genetics. Through his extensive experiments on fruit fly hybridization, he proved that genes are located on chromosomes and mapped the genetic map of Drosophila, laying a crucial foundation for the development of modern genetics.

Morgan grew up in Lexington, Kentucky, earning a Bachelor's degree from Kentucky State University and later a doctorate in zoology from Johns Hopkins University. He taught at several American universities, eventually establishing the famous Morgan Laboratory at Columbia University. While at Columbia, he led a research team that conducted extensive genetic experiments on fruit flies. Through the study of fruit fly traits, Morgan and his team discovered gene linkage and exchange phenomena, and proposed the theory of linear arrangement of genes on chromosomes.

Morgan's experimental results not only confirmed the chromosomal theory of Mendel's laws of inheritance but also further developed Mendelian genetics, ushering in a new era of chromosome genetics. His research findings fundamentally altered people's understanding of heredity, laying the foundation for modern genetics and making an indelible contribution to the development of molecular biology. His work not only had a profound impact on biology but also greatly promoted the development of medicine, agriculture, and other fields. His contributions earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933.

Morgan's achievements were inseparable from the booming scientific research environment in the United States at that time. Against the backdrop of the Industrial Revolution and economic boom in the early 20th century, the United States vigorously developed science and technology, attracting a large number of outstanding scientists and providing excellent conditions for Morgan's research, reflecting America's emphasis on basic scientific research.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过托马斯·亨特·摩尔根吗？
B: 听说过，好像是一位遗传学家？
A: 没错，他被誉为果蝇遗传学的奠基人，对现代遗传学做出了巨大贡献。
B: 他的研究成果具体是什么呢？
A: 他通过果蝇实验，证明了基因位于染色体上，并绘制了果蝇的遗传图谱，这在当时是一个非常重大的突破。
B: 听起来很有意思，他的研究对我们现在的生活有什么影响吗？
A: 当然有，他的发现奠定了现代遗传学的基础，对医学、农业等领域都有深远的影响，比如基因工程、遗传疾病诊断等。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò tuō mǎ sī · hèn tè mò ěr gēn ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, hǎo xiàng shì yī wèi yì chuán xué jiā?
A: què shì, tā bèi yù wèi guǒ fēng yì chuán xué de diàn jī rén, duì xiàn dài yì chuán xué zuò chū le jù dà gòng xiàn.
B: tā de yán jiū chéng guǒ jù tǐ shì shén me ne?
A: tā tōng guò guǒ fēng shí yàn, zhèng míng le jī yīn wèi yú rán sǎo tǐ shang, bìng huì zhì le guǒ fēng de yì chuán tú pǔ, zhè zài dāng shí shì yī gè fēi cháng zhòng dà de tuō pò.
B: tīng qǐ lái hěn yǒu yì si, tā de yán jiū duì wǒ men xiàn zài de shēng huó yǒu shén me yǐng xiǎng ma?
A: dāng rán yǒu, tā de fā xiàn diàn lì le xiàn dài yì chuán xué de jī chǔ, duì yī xué, nóng yè děng lǐng yù dōu yǒu shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng, bǐ rú jī yīn gōng chéng, yì chuán jí bìng zhěn duàn děng.

English

A: Have you ever heard of Thomas Hunt Morgan?
B: Yes, I think he was a geneticist?
A: That's right, he is known as the founder of Drosophila genetics and made a huge contribution to modern genetics.
B: What were his specific research findings?
A: Through experiments with Drosophila, he proved that genes are located on chromosomes and mapped the genetic map of Drosophila, which was a significant breakthrough at the time.
B: It sounds interesting, how does his research affect our lives today?
A: Of course, his discovery laid the foundation for modern genetics and has a profound impact on medicine, agriculture and other fields, such as genetic engineering and genetic disease diagnosis.

Cultural Background

中文

美国20世纪初的科学发展环境对摩尔根的研究起到了重要的推动作用，这反映了美国对基础科学研究的重视。

在介绍摩尔根的成就时，可以结合美国当时的历史背景，例如工业革命、经济发展等，更能体现其成就的意义。

Advanced Expressions

中文

摩尔根的开创性研究，为现代遗传学奠定了坚实的基础，其影响力波及医学、农业等多个领域。

摩尔根的果蝇实验，不仅证实了孟德尔遗传定律，更将其推向了一个新的高度，开创了染色体遗传学的新纪元。

Key Points

中文

介绍摩尔根时，应突出其在遗传学领域的重大贡献，以及其研究成果对现代社会的影响。,在与他人交流时，要根据对方的知识水平调整语言的深度和广度。,避免使用过于专业的术语，可以采用通俗易懂的语言进行讲解。,可以结合图片、视频等多媒体资料，让介绍更生动形象。

Practice Tips

中文

多阅读相关的英文文献资料，提高英语水平。

多与他人交流，练习表达能力。

可以尝试将摩尔根的生平和成就用自己的语言进行总结，提高理解和表达能力。