林肯·斯特芬斯 Lincoln Steffens Línkěn · Sìtèfēns

Content Introduction

中文

林肯·斯特芬斯（Lincoln Steffens，1866年4月6日－1936年8月9日）是美国著名的调查记者和改革家，被誉为“进步时代”的先驱之一。他以其犀利的文笔和深入的调查，揭露了美国社会中存在的腐败现象，对推动美国社会改革起到了重要作用。

斯特芬斯出生于加利福尼亚州，早年在加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校学习，后在哈佛大学获得法学学位。他最初从事法律工作，但很快对新闻事业产生了兴趣，并成为了一名记者。

他的成名之作是《渎职》（The Shame of the Cities），该书于1904年出版，以其对美国主要城市政治腐败和社会不公的揭露而闻名。该书对当时美国的社会产生了巨大的影响，促使人们开始关注和解决城市治理中的问题，引发了全美范围内的市政改革运动。斯特芬斯深入各个城市，调查采访，他的报道详实，证据确凿，具有极强的说服力，使美国公众开始正视并积极寻求解决社会问题，这为美国进步时代的改革奠定了舆论基础。

除了《渎职》以外，斯特芬斯还撰写了许多其他重要的作品，例如他的自传《自动传记》（Autobiography），该书讲述了他的人生经历和思想转变，也为我们了解他本人以及他所处的时代提供了宝贵的资料。

斯特芬斯的工作对美国社会产生了深远的影响，他的调查报道激起了公众的愤怒，促使政府和社会采取行动，解决社会问题，推动了进步时代的改革进程。他被认为是美国历史上最伟大的调查记者之一，他的精神和工作至今仍值得我们学习和借鉴。

拼音

Línkěn · Sìtèfēns (Línkěn · Sìtèfēns，1866 nián 4 yuè 6 rì－1936 nián 8 yuè 9 rì) shì měiguó zhùmíng de diàochá jìzhě hé gǎigé jiā, bèi yù wèi “jìnbù shídài” de xiānqū zhī yī. tā yǐ qí xīlì de wénbǐ hé shēnrù de diàochá, jiēlù le měiguó shèhuì zhōng cúnzài de fǔbài xiànxiàng, duì tuīdòng měiguó shèhuì gǎigé qǐdàole zhòngyào zuòyòng.

Sìtèfēns chūshēng yú Jiālífúniyà zhōu, zǎonián zài Jiālífúniyà dàxué Bókè lì fēnxiào xuéxí, hòu zài Hāfú dàxué huòdé fǎxué xuéwèi. tā zuìchū cóngshì fǎlǜ gōngzuò, dàn hěn kuài duì xīnwén shìyè chǎnshēng le xìngqù, bìng chéngwéi le yī míng jìzhě.

tā de chéngmíng zhī zuò shì 《dúzhí》(The Shame of the Cities), gāi shū yú 1904 nián chūbǎn, yǐ qí duì měiguó zhǔyào chéngshì zhèngzhì fǔbài hé shèhuì bùgōng de jiēlù ér wénmíng. gāi shū duì dāngshí měiguó de shèhuì chǎnshēng le jùdà de yǐngxiǎng, cùshǐ rénmen kāishǐ guānzhù hé jiějué chéngshì zhìlǐ zhōng de wèntí, yǐnfā le quán měi fànwéi nèi de shìzhèng gǎigé yùndòng. Sìtèfēns shēnrù gège chéngshì, diàochá cǎifǎng, tā de bàodào xiángshí, zhèngjù quèzá, jùyǒu jí qiáng de shuōfú lì, shǐ měiguó gōngzhòng kāishǐ zhèngshì bìng jījí xúnqiú jiějué shèhuì wèntí, zhè wèi měiguó jìnbù shídài de gǎigé diànlèi le yúlùn jīchǔ.

Chúle 《dúzhí》yǐwài, Sìtèfēns hái zhuànxiě le xǔduō qítā zhòngyào de zuòpǐn, lìrú tā de zìzhuàn 《zìdòng zhuànjì》(Autobiography), gāi shū jiǎngshù le tā de rénshēng jīnglì hé sīxiǎng zhuǎnbiàn, yě wèi wǒmen liǎojiě tā běnrén yǐjí tā suǒ chù de shídài tígōng le bǎoguì de zīliào.

Sìtèfēns de gōngzuò duì měiguó shèhuì chǎnshēng le shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng, tā de diàochá bàodǎo jīqǐ le gōngzhòng de fènnù, cùshǐ zhèngfǔ hé shèhuì cǎiqǔ xíngdòng, jiějué shèhuì wèntí, tuīdòng le jìnbù shídài de gǎigé jìnchéng. tā bèi rènwéi shì měiguó lìshǐ shàng zuì wěidà de diàochá jìzhě zhī yī, tā de jīngshen hé gōngzuò zhìjīn réng zhídé wǒmen xuéxí hé jièjiàn.

English

Lincoln Steffens (April 6, 1866 – August 9, 1936) was a renowned American investigative journalist and reformer, considered a pioneer of the Progressive Era. With his sharp writing and in-depth investigations, he exposed widespread corruption in American society, significantly contributing to the social reforms of the time.

Born in California, Steffens studied at the University of California, Berkeley, and later earned a law degree from Harvard University. While he initially practiced law, he soon found his passion in journalism and became a reporter.

His breakthrough work was "The Shame of the Cities," published in 1904. This book gained notoriety for its unflinching exposé of political corruption and social injustice in major American cities. It had a profound impact on American society, raising public awareness of urban governance issues and sparking a nationwide municipal reform movement. Steffens's detailed reporting, based on thorough investigations and irrefutable evidence, compelled the American public to confront and actively seek solutions to societal problems, thus laying the groundwork for the Progressive Era reforms.

Beyond "The Shame of the Cities," Steffens authored other significant works, including his autobiography, "Autobiography." This book chronicles his life experiences and ideological evolution, offering invaluable insight into both Steffens himself and the era he lived in.

Steffens's contributions had a lasting impact on American society. His investigative journalism ignited public outrage, pushing government and society to address social problems and propel the Progressive Era reforms. He is regarded as one of the greatest investigative journalists in American history, and his spirit and work remain relevant and inspiring today.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过林肯·斯特芬斯吗？
B: 听说过，他是著名的美国记者和改革家，对揭露进步时代美国的腐败起到了重要作用。
A: 他的调查报道对美国社会产生了怎样的影响？
B: 他的作品引发了公众对社会问题的关注，推动了改革立法。例如，他揭露了纽约市政府的腐败，促进了市政改革。
A: 他还有哪些值得关注的作品？
B: 除了《渎职》外，他的自传《自动传记》也十分引人注目，记录了他的人生经历和思想转变。
A: 你认为他的贡献主要体现在哪些方面？
B: 他不仅是一位杰出的记者，更是一位激进的改革者，他用笔触推动了美国社会的进步。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò Línkěn · Sìtèfēns ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, tā shì zhùmíng de měiguó jìzhě hé gǎigé jiā, duì jiēlù jìnbù shídài měiguó de fǔbài qǐdàole zhòngyào zuòyòng.
A: tā de diàochá bàodǎo duì měiguó shèhuì chǎnshēng le zěn yàng de yǐngxiǎng?
B: tā de zuòpǐn yǐnfā le gōngzhòng duì shèhuì wèntí de guānzhù, tuīdòng le gǎigé lìfǎ. lìrú, tā jiēlù le Niǔyuē shì zhèngfǔ de fǔbài, cùjìng le shìzhèng gǎigé.
A: tā hái yǒu nǎxiē zhídé guānzhù de zuòpǐn?
B: chúle 《dúzhí》wài, tā de zìzhuàn 《zìdòng zhuànjì》yě shífēn yǐnrén zhù mù, jìlù le tā de rénshēng jīnglì hé sīxiǎng zhuǎnbiàn.
A: nǐ rènwéi tā de gòngxiàn zhǔyào tǐxiàn zài nǎxiē fāngmiàn?
B: tā bù jǐn shì yī wèi jiéchū de jìzhě, gèng shì yī wèi jījìn de gǎigé zhě, tā yòng bǐchù tuīdòng le měiguó shèhuì de jìnbù.

English

A: Have you heard of Lincoln Steffens?
B: Yes, he was a famous American journalist and reformer who played a significant role in exposing corruption in Progressive Era America.
A: What kind of impact did his investigative reporting have on American society?
B: His works raised public awareness of social issues and promoted reform legislation. For example, his exposure of corruption in New York City government led to municipal reforms.
A: What other works of his are worth noting?
B: Besides "The Shame of the Cities," his autobiography "Autobiography" is also very eye-catching, recording his life experiences and ideological transformation.
A: In what aspects do you think his main contributions lie?
B: He was not only an outstanding journalist but also a radical reformer who used his writing to promote the progress of American society.

Cultural Background

中文

进步时代 (Progressive Era): 指的是20世纪初美国的一段历史时期，这段时期美国社会经历了重大的改革和变革，旨在解决工业化带来的社会问题，如贫富差距、环境污染、政治腐败等。

调查报道 (investigative journalism): 一种新闻报道形式，强调对事件进行深入调查和分析，揭露真相，而不是简单地报道表面现象。

Advanced Expressions

中文

The Shame of the Cities served as a catalyst for widespread municipal reforms across the nation.

His unflinching exposé of corruption laid bare the systemic flaws in urban governance.

Steffens's work epitomizes the spirit of investigative journalism during the Progressive Era.

Key Points

中文

适用于对美国历史、新闻学、社会改革感兴趣的人群，以及对 20 世纪初美国社会状况有研究需求的人群。,年龄适用性广，高中生以上都可以学习和使用，但知识点的深度和广度需根据学习者的年龄和知识基础进行调整。,避免将 Lincoln Steffens 与其他历史人物混淆，例如 Abraham Lincoln。

Practice Tips

中文

多阅读 Lincoln Steffens 的相关作品和生平介绍，加深对他的理解。

可以与朋友或家人进行角色扮演，模拟对话场景，提高口语表达能力。

可以尝试撰写关于 Lincoln Steffens 的文章，表达自己的理解和感受。