格雷斯·霍珀 Grace Hopper Gé lā sī Hǎo pǔ

Content Introduction

中文

格雷斯·霍珀（Grace Hopper，1906年12月9日－1992年1月1日），美国海军准将及计算机科学家。她是世界最早的编程人员之一，也是首批编程语言的设计者。她最为人知的贡献是开发了COBOL编程语言，并因此被誉为“COBOL之母”。她还率先使用了“bug”来形容计算机程序中的错误，如今“bug”已成为计算机领域的通用术语。

霍珀出生于纽约，毕业于瓦萨学院，后获得耶鲁大学数学博士学位。二战期间，她加入美国海军，并被分配到哈佛大学计算实验室，在那里她参与了Mark I计算机的开发。在编程过程中，她经历了计算机早期发展过程中许多挑战和不便，例如需要手动设置开关和继电器才能运行程序。正是这种经历让她萌生了开发高级编程语言的想法，让编程更加高效便捷，也更易于理解和使用。

霍珀对计算机科学的贡献不仅仅体现在她开发的编程语言上，更在于她所倡导的理念。她始终坚持编程应该更易于使用，更接近自然语言，让更多人能够参与到计算机领域中来。为此，她积极推动编程语言的标准化和简化，并为计算机科学教育贡献了巨大力量。她坚信，如果编程能够更简易，那么计算机科学就能造福更多的人。她的努力促进了计算机的普及，对推动信息技术的进步做出了不可磨灭的贡献。她的故事也激励着无数的后辈投身于计算机科学事业。

在计算机科学的蓬勃发展时期，她以其杰出的成就和远见卓识，为现代计算机技术发展做出了奠基性的贡献。她的精神和理念至今仍然深刻影响着全球的计算机科学家和程序员。

拼音

Gé lā sī hǎo pǔ (Grace Hopper, 1906 nián 12 yuè 9 rì — 1992 nián 1 yuè 1 rì), Měiguó hǎijūn zhǔn jiàng jí jìsuànjī kēxuéjiā. Tā shì shìjiè zuì zǎo de biānchéng rényuán zhī yī, yě shì shǒupī biānchéng yǔyán de shèjì zhě. Tā zuì wèi rén zhī de gòngxiàn shì kāifā le COBOL biānchéng yǔyán, bìng yīn cǐ bèi yù wèi “COBOL zhī mǔ”. Tā hái xuānshǒu shǐyòng le “bug” lái xíngróng jìsuànjī chéngxù zhōng de cuòwù, rújīn “bug” yǐ chéngwéi jìsuànjī lìngyù de tōngyòng shù yǔ.

Huò pǔ chūshēng yú Niǔyuē, bìyè yú wǎsà xuéyuàn, hòu huòdé Yēlǔ dàxué shùxué bóshì xuéwèi. Èrzhàn qījiān, tā jiārù Měiguó hǎijūn, bìng bèi fēnpèi dào Hàfú dàxué jìsuàn lìngshì, zài nàlǐ tā cānyù le Mark I jìsuànjī de kāifā. Zài biānchéng guòchéng zhōng, tā jīnglì le jìsuànjī zǎoqī fāzhǎn guòchéng zhōng xǔduō tiǎozhàn hé bùbiàn, lìrú xūyào shǒudòng shèzhì kāiguān hé jìdiànqì cáinéng yùnxíng chéngxù. Zhèngshì zhè zhǒng jīnglì ràng tā méngshēng le kāifā gāojí biānchéng yǔyán de xiǎngfǎ, ràng biānchéng gèng gāo xiào biànjié, yě gèng yì yú lǐjiě hé shǐyòng.

Huò pǔ duì jìsuànjī kēxué de gòngxiàn bìng bù jǐn tǐxiàn zài tā kāifā de biānchéng yǔyán shàng, gèng zài yú tā suǒ chàngdǎo de lǐniàn. Tā shǐzhōng jiānchí biānchéng yīnggāi gèng yì yú shǐyòng, gèng jiē jìn zìrán yǔyán, ràng gèng duō rén nénggòu cānyù dào jìsuànjī lìngyù zhōng lái. Wèi cǐ, tā jījí tuīdòng biānchéng yǔyán de biāozhǔnhuà hé jiǎnhuà, bìng wèi jìsuànjī kēxué jiàoyù gòngxiàn le jùdà lìliàng. Tā jiānxìn, rúguǒ biānchéng nénggòu gèng jiǎnyì, nàme jìsuànjī kēxué jiù néng zàofú gèng duō de rén. Tā de nǔlì cùjìn le jìsuànjī de pǔjí, duì tuīdòng xìnxī jìshù de jìnbù zuò chū le bùkě mòmiè de gòngxiàn. Tā de gùshì yě jīlì zhēng zhù wúshù de hòubèi tóushēn yú jìsuànjī kēxué shìyè.

Zài jìsuànjī kēxué de péngbó fāzhǎn shíqī, tā yǐ qí jiéchū de chéngjiù hé yuǎnjiàn zhuóshí, wèi xiàndài jìsuànjī jìshù fāzhǎn zuò chū le diànjī xìng de gòngxiàn. Tā de jīngshen hé lǐniàn zhì jīn réngrán shēnkè yǐngxiǎng zhe quánqiú de jìsuànjī kēxuéjiā hé chéngxù yuán.

English

Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was a United States Navy rear admiral and a pioneering computer scientist. She was one of the first programmers and a key figure in the development of early programming languages. Her most well-known contribution is the development of the COBOL programming language, earning her the title of "Mother of COBOL."

Born in New York City, Hopper graduated from Vassar College and later earned a PhD in mathematics from Yale University. During World War II, she joined the United States Navy Reserve and was assigned to Harvard University's Computation Laboratory, where she worked on the Mark I computer. This experience, involving the laborious process of manually setting switches and relays to run programs, highlighted the need for more efficient programming methods. This directly led to her vision of creating high-level programming languages, making programming more accessible, efficient, and user-friendly.

Hopper's contributions to computer science extend beyond her programming language innovations. She was a staunch advocate for making programming more accessible, closer to natural language, so more people could participate in the field. She actively championed the standardization and simplification of programming languages and made significant contributions to computer science education. She believed that simpler programming would make computer science more beneficial to a wider population. Her efforts contributed to the widespread adoption of computers and the advancement of information technology. Her story continues to inspire generations of computer scientists.

During the booming development of computer science, her outstanding achievements and visionary insights laid the foundation for modern computer technology. Her spirit and philosophy continue to profoundly influence computer scientists and programmers worldwide.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你知道格雷斯·霍珀吗？
B: 当然知道！她是计算机科学的先驱，对现代编程语言的发展做出了巨大贡献。
A: 你能具体说说她的贡献吗？
B: 当然，她发明了编译器，还率先使用了“bug”这个词来描述程序故障。此外，她还推动了COBOL语言的开发，对现代编程产生了深远的影响。
A: 哇，听起来她真了不起！
B: 是啊，她对计算机科学的影响至今仍在延续，她那种对技术的热情和创新精神值得我们学习。
A: 谢谢你的介绍，我现在对格雷斯·霍珀有了更深入的了解。

拼音

A: nǐ zhīdào gé lā sī hǎo pǔ ma?
B: dāng rán zhīdào! tā shì jìsuànjī kēxué de xiānqū, duì xiàndài biānchéng yǔyán de fāzhǎn zuò chū le jùdà gòngxiàn.
A: nǐ néng jùtǐ shuō shuo tā de gòngxiàn ma?
B: dāng rán, tā fā míng le biānyì qì, hái xuānshǒu shǐyòng le “bug” zhège cí lái miáoshù chéngxù gùzhàng. cǐwài, tā hái tuīdòng le COBOL yǔyán de kāifā, duì xiàndài biānchéng chǎnshēng le shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng.
A: wā, tīng qǐlái tā zhēn liǎobuqǐ!
B: shì a, tā duì jìsuànjī kēxué de yǐngxiǎng zhì jīn réng zài yánxù, tā nà zhǒng duì jìshù de rèqíng hé chuàngxīn jīngshen zhídé wǒmen xuéxí.
A: xièxie nǐ de jièshào, wǒ xiànzài duì gé lā sī hǎo pǔ yǒu le gèng shēnrù de liǎojiě.

English

A: Do you know Grace Hopper?
B: Of course! She's a pioneer in computer science, making immense contributions to the development of modern programming languages.
A: Can you elaborate on her contributions?
B: Sure, she invented the compiler and was the first to use the term "bug" to describe a software malfunction. She also championed the development of the COBOL language, which has had a profound impact on modern programming.
A: Wow, she sounds amazing!
B: Absolutely, her impact on computer science continues to this day. Her passion and innovative spirit are inspiring.
A: Thanks for the introduction. Now I have a much deeper understanding of Grace Hopper.

Cultural Background

中文

"Bug" in computer science originally referred to a literal insect causing a malfunction in early computers. This term, popularized by Grace Hopper, is now universally understood in the tech world.

Understanding the context of World War II and the early development of computers in the US is important to grasping Hopper's contributions. The war effort drove significant advancements in computing technology.

Formal vs. Informal: When discussing Grace Hopper in academic settings or formal presentations, use more formal language. In casual conversations, a less formal approach is acceptable but maintain respect for the historical figure.

Advanced Expressions

中文

Grace Hopper's legacy continues to inspire innovation in the field of computer science.

Her contributions were pivotal to the development of high-level programming languages.

Hopper's pioneering work laid the groundwork for many advancements in the digital age.

Key Points

中文

Appropriate for various ages and audiences, adjusting the complexity of explanations depending on the listener's background.,Highlight Hopper's human side alongside her achievements to make the story more engaging.,Common errors: Mispronunciation of her name or COBOL, underestimating the significance of her work in the context of early computing.

Practice Tips

中文

Practice retelling Hopper's story in different ways, focusing on specific aspects of her work.

Use visual aids like timelines or images of early computers to enhance understanding.

Role-play conversations to improve conversational fluency and confidence when discussing Grace Hopper.