沙尘暴时期（1930年代） The Dust Bowl (1930s) Shā chén bào shí qī (1930 nián dài)

Content Introduction

中文

20世纪30年代的“尘暴时期”（Dust Bowl）是美国历史上一次严重的生态和社会灾难。它主要影响了美国中西部平原地区，包括堪萨斯州、俄克拉荷马州、德克萨斯州、科罗拉多州和新墨西哥州的部分地区。这场灾难是由长期干旱、不合理的农业耕作方式以及强风共同造成的。

长期以来，美国中西部地区采用了一种被称为“犁地耕作”（plowing）的农业方法，这种方法将深层土壤暴露在阳光下，导致土壤水分快速蒸发。再加上连续几年的严重干旱，使得地表土壤变得非常干燥，容易被强风吹走。

强烈的风将大量的表层土壤吹起，形成遮天蔽日的沙尘暴。这些沙尘暴不仅摧毁了农作物，还严重影响了人们的健康和生活。许多农民失去了赖以生存的土地和家园，不得不背井离乡，前往加利福尼亚州等地寻找新的生活机会。这一时期，成千上万的农民携家带口，驾车西行，成为美国历史上最悲壮的移民之一，被称为“奥基人”（Okies）。

“尘暴时期”对美国社会经济的影响是深远而巨大的。它不仅导致了农业生产的严重下降，还加剧了经济大萧条的影响，造成了社会动荡和失业率的上升。这场灾难也促使美国政府对农业政策和环境保护措施进行重新审视和调整。

拼音

20 shìjì 30 nián dài de “chén bào shí qī”（Dust Bowl）shì měiguó lìshǐ shàng yī cì yánzhòng de shēngtài hé shèhuì zāinàn. tā zhǔyào yǐngxiǎng le měiguó zhōng xībù píngyuán dìqū, bāokuò kānsà sī zhōu、ékè lā huómǎ zhōu、dékèsī zhōu、kēluólāduō zhōu hé xīnmóxīgē zhōu de bùfèn dìqū. zhè chǎng zāinàn shì yóu chángqī gānhàn、bù héli de nóngyè gēngzuò fāngshì yǐjí qiángfēng gòngtóng zàochéng de.

Chángqí yǐlái, měiguó zhōng xībù dìqū cǎiyòng le yī zhǒng bèi chēng wèi “lí dì gēngzuò”（plowing）de nóngyè fāngfǎ, zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ jiāng shēncénɡ tǔrǎng bàolù zài yángguāng xià, dǎozhì tǔrǎng shuǐfèn kuàisù zhēngfā. jiā shang liánxù jǐ nián de yánzhòng gānhàn, shǐdé dìbiǎo tǔrǎng biàndé fēicháng gānzào, róngyì bèi qiángfēng chuī zǒu.

Qiángliè de fēng jiāng dàliàng de biǎocénɡ tǔrǎng chuī qǐ, xíngchéng zhētiān bìrì de shāchénbào. zhèxiē shāchénbào bùjǐn cuīhuǐ le nóngzuòwù, hái yánzhòng yǐngxiǎng le rénmen de jiànkāng hé shēnghuó. xǔduō nóngmín shīqù le làiyǐ shēngcún de tǔdì hé jiāyuán, bù děi bù bèijǐng líxiāng, qiánwǎng jiālífúniyà zhōu děng dì xúnzhǎo xīn de shēnghuó jīhuì. zhè yī shíqī, chéngqiānwàn de nóngmín xiéjiā dài kǒu, jià chē xīxíng, chéngwèi měiguó lìshǐ shàng zuì bēizhàng de yímín zhī yī, bèi chēng wèi “ào kē rén”（Okies）.

“chén bào shí qī” duì měiguó shèhuì jīngjì de yǐngxiǎng shì shēnyuǎn ér jùdà de. tā bùjǐn dǎozhì le nóngyè shēngchǎn de yánzhòng xiàjiàng, hái jiājù le jīngjì dà xiāotiáo de yǐngxiǎng, zàochéng le shèhuì dòngdàng hé shīyè lǜ de shàngshēng. zhè chǎng zāinàn yě cùshǐ měiguó zhèngfǔ duì nóngyè zhèngcè hé huánjìng bǎohù cuòshī jìnxíng chóngxīn shěnshì hé tiáozhěng.

English

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was a severe ecological and social disaster in American history. It primarily affected the American Midwest plains, including parts of Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico. This disaster was caused by a combination of prolonged drought, unsustainable agricultural practices, and strong winds.

For a long time, the American Midwest employed an agricultural method known as "plowing", which exposed deep soil to sunlight, leading to rapid evaporation of soil moisture. Coupled with several years of severe drought, the topsoil became extremely dry and easily blown away by strong winds.

Violent winds picked up vast amounts of topsoil, creating massive dust storms that blotted out the sun. These dust storms not only destroyed crops but also severely affected people's health and lives. Many farmers lost their livelihoods and homes, forcing them to migrate to places like California in search of new opportunities. During this period, thousands of farmers moved west with their families, becoming one of the most tragic migrations in American history, known as "Okies".

The Dust Bowl had a profound and significant impact on the American socioeconomic landscape. It not only led to a drastic decline in agricultural production but also exacerbated the effects of the Great Depression, causing social unrest and rising unemployment. This disaster also prompted the US government to re-evaluate and adjust its agricultural policies and environmental protection measures.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过美国30年代的沙尘暴吗？
B: 听说过一点，好像对美国农业影响很大？
A: 是的，那场沙尘暴被称为“尘暴时期”，持续了十年，给美国中西部带来了巨大的灾难。
B: 具体是怎么样的灾难呢？
A: 持续的干旱和强风导致了土地沙化，农作物歉收，很多农民失去家园，不得不背井离乡。
B: 天啊，听起来太可怕了，那后来怎么样了呢？
A: 后来的政府实施了一些措施，比如改变农业耕作方式，实施水土保持措施，才逐渐恢复过来。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò měi guó 30 nián dài de shā chén bào ma?
B: tīng shuō guò yì diǎn, hǎo xiàng duì měi guó nóng yè yǐng xiǎng hěn dà?
A: shì de, nà chǎng shā chén bào bèi chēng wèi "chén bào shí qī", chí xù le shí nián, gěi měi guó zhōng xī bù dài lái le jù dà de zāi nàn.
B: jù tǐ shì zěn me yàng de zāi nàn ne?
A: chí xù de gān hàn hé qiáng fēng dǎo zhì le tǔ dì shā huà, nóng zuò wù qiān shōu, hěn duō nóng mín shī qù jiā yuán, bù děi bù bèi jǐng lí xiāng.
B: tiān a, tīng qǐ lái tài kě pà le, nà hòu lái zěn me yàng ne?
A: hòu lái de zhèng fǔ shí shī le yī xiē cuò shī, bǐ rú gǎi biàn nóng yè gēng zuò fāng shì, shí shī shuǐ tǔ bǎo cí cuò shī, cái zhú jiàn huī fù guò lái.

English

A: Have you heard of the Dust Bowl in the United States during the 1930s?
B: I've heard a little about it, I think it had a great impact on American agriculture?
A: Yes, that dust storm was called the "Dust Bowl", which lasted for ten years and brought great disasters to the Midwest of the United States.
B: What kind of disaster was it?
A: Continuous drought and strong winds led to desertification, crop failure, and many farmers lost their homes and had to leave their hometowns.
B: Oh my god, it sounds terrible, what happened later?
A: Later, the government implemented some measures, such as changing agricultural farming methods and implementing soil and water conservation measures, and gradually recovered.

Cultural Background

中文

Dust Bowl是指20世纪30年代席卷美国中西部的一场严重沙尘暴，对当地农业和社会造成巨大影响。

Okies指的是尘暴时期被迫离开家园前往加利福尼亚州的农民，他们经历了艰难的迁徙和贫困的生活。

这场灾难反映了当时美国农业政策的不足和环境保护意识的缺失。

Advanced Expressions

中文

The Dust Bowl was a watershed moment in American history, highlighting the fragility of the ecosystem and the social consequences of unsustainable practices.

The plight of the Okies became a powerful symbol of the human cost of environmental disaster and economic hardship.

The legacy of the Dust Bowl continues to inform agricultural and environmental policies in the United States and beyond， prompting a greater understanding of sustainable land management and the importance of mitigating climate change.

Key Points

中文

该场景适用于向中国人解释美国20世纪30年代的“尘暴时期”的历史事件以及其文化背景。,对话中需要使用清晰易懂的语言，避免使用过于专业或晦涩的词汇。,需要在对话中体现出对美国历史和文化的尊重和理解。,此场景适合各个年龄段的人群使用，尤其适合对美国历史和文化感兴趣的人。,常见错误包括对Dust Bowl的定义和影响的误解，以及对Okies的经历和意义的忽视。

Practice Tips

中文

可以先阅读相关的历史资料，对Dust Bowl的历史背景和影响有深入的了解。

可以与朋友或家人进行角色扮演，模拟对话场景，提高口语表达能力。

可以尝试用不同的方式表达相同的含义，例如用更简洁或更生动的语言。

可以尝试在对话中加入一些相关的图片或视频资料，增强理解效果。