玛丽·哈里斯“琼斯母亲” Mary Harris "Mother" Jones Mǎ lì hā sī “Qióng sī mǔ qīn”

Content Introduction

中文

玛丽·哈里斯“琼斯母亲”(Mary Harris "Mother" Jones,1830年-1930年)是美国一位传奇的劳工活动家和社会活动家。她出生于爱尔兰,年轻时经历了贫困和疾病,后来移居美国。在美国内战期间,她失去了丈夫和四个孩子,这进一步激发了她的社会正义感。

琼斯母亲投入到劳工运动中,为矿工、铁路工人和纺织工人等争取更好的工作条件和更高的工资。她不畏惧艰险,勇敢地组织罢工,与资本家和政府对抗。她以其激情的演说和坚韧的意志,赢得了广大工人的尊敬和爱戴。

琼斯母亲特别关注儿童劳工问题,她揭露了资本家对儿童的残酷剥削,并为禁止童工而奔走呼号。她深入矿井和工厂,亲眼目睹了儿童的悲惨境况,并将其记录下来,以此唤醒公众的良知。

琼斯母亲的活动经历了美国工业化的时代,当时的美国社会贫富差距巨大,劳工权益得不到保障,工人面临着极差的工作条件和低廉的工资。她面对强大的资本势力,毫不退缩,她为工人阶级争取权益的斗争,深深地影响了美国劳工运动的历史进程。她被誉为“矿工的母亲”,她的名字与美国劳工运动的奋斗和牺牲紧密相连。

即便到了晚年,琼斯母亲仍然活跃在劳工运动的第一线。她始终坚持为社会正义而奋斗,直到1930年去世,享年100岁。她的精神和事迹,激励着一代又一代为劳工权益和社会公平而奋斗的人们。

拼音

Mǎ lì hā sī “Qióng sī mǔ qīn” (Mǎ lì hā sī "Mother" Jiōng sī, 1830 nián - 1930 nián) shì Měi guó yī wèi chuán qí de láo gōng huó dòng jiā hé shè huì huó dòng jiā. Tā chū shēng yú Ài'ěr lán, nián qīng shí jīnglì le pín kùn hé jí bìng, hòu lái yí jū Měi guó.
Zài Měi guó nèi zhàn qī jiān, tā shī qù le zhàng fu hé sì gè hái zi, zhè jìn yī bù jī fā le tā de shè huì zhèng yì gǎn.

Qióng sī mǔ qīn tóu rù dào láo gōng yùn dòng zhōng, wèi kuàng gōng, tiě lù gōng rén hé fǎng zhī gōng rén děng zhēng qǔ gèng hǎo de gōng zuò tiáo jiàn hé gèng gāo de gōng zī. Tā bù wèi jù jiānxian, yǒng gǎn de zǔ zhī bà gōng, yǔ zī běn jiā hé zhèng fǔ duì kāng. Tā yǐ qí jī qíng de yǎn shuō hé jiān rèn de yì zhì, yíng dé le guǎng dà gōng rén de zūnjìng hé ài dài.

Qióng sī mǔ qīn tè bié guān zhù ér tóng láo gōng wèntí, tā jiē lù le zī běn jiā duì ér tóng de cán kù bō xuē, bìng wèi jìn zhǐ tóng gōng ér bēn zǒu hū hào. Tā shēn rù kuàng jǐng hé gōng chǎng, qīn yǎn mù dǔ le ér tóng de bēi cǎn jìng kuàng, bìng jí qí jì lù xià lái, yǐ cǐ huàn xǐng gōng zhòng de liáng zhī.

Qióng sī mǔ qīn de huó dòng jīnglì le Měi guó gōng yè huà de shídài, dāng shí de Měi guó shè huì pín fù chā jù jù dà, láo gōng quányì dé bù dào bǎo zhàng, gōng rén miàn lín zhe jí chā de gōng zuò tiáo jiàn hé dī lián de gōng zī. Tā miàn duì qiáng dà de zī běn shì lì, háo bù tuì suō, tā wèi gōng rén jiē jí zhēng qǔ quányì de dòu zhēng, shēn shēn de yǐng xiǎng le Měi guó láo gōng yùn dòng de lì shǐ jìn chéng. Tā bèi yù wèi “kuàng gōng de mǔ qīn”, tā de míng zi yǔ Měi guó láo gōng yùn dòng de fèngdòu hé xī shēng jǐn mì xiāng lián.

Jí biàn dào le wǎn nián, Qióng sī mǔ qīn réng rán huó yuè zài láo gōng yùn dòng de dì yī xiàn. Tā shǐ zhōng jiān chí wèi shè huì zhèng yì ér fèngdòu, zhì dào 1930 nián qù shì, xiǎng nián 100 suì. Tā de jīng shén hé shì jì, jī lì zhe yī dài yòu yī dài wèi láo gōng quányì hé shè huì gōng píng ér fèngdòu de rén men.

English

Mary Harris "Mother" Jones (1830-1930) was a legendary American labor activist and social activist. Born in Ireland, she experienced poverty and illness in her youth before immigrating to the United States. During the American Civil War, she lost her husband and four children, which further fueled her sense of social justice.

Mother Jones dedicated herself to the labor movement, fighting for better working conditions and higher wages for miners, railroad workers, textile workers, and others. Undeterred by danger, she bravely organized strikes and confronted capitalists and the government. With her passionate speeches and unwavering determination, she earned the respect and affection of countless workers.

Mother Jones was particularly concerned with child labor. She exposed the cruel exploitation of children by capitalists and campaigned tirelessly for the abolition of child labor. She went deep into mines and factories, witnessing firsthand the plight of children and documenting their suffering to awaken the public conscience.

Mother Jones' activism spanned the era of American industrialization, a time of vast wealth disparity and inadequate labor protections in the United States. Workers faced abysmal working conditions and low wages. Unbowed by powerful corporate interests, her struggle for the working class profoundly impacted the history of the American labor movement. She was hailed as the "Mother of Miners," and her name remains inextricably linked to the struggles and sacrifices of the American labor movement.

Even in her old age, Mother Jones remained active on the front lines of the labor movement. She consistently fought for social justice until her death in 1930 at the age of 100. Her spirit and legacy continue to inspire generations who fight for workers' rights and social equity.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过玛丽·哈里斯'琼斯母亲'吗?
B: 听说过,她是美国著名的劳工活动家,对吧?
A: 对,她为矿工和儿童争取权益,被称为'矿工的母亲'。
B: 她经历过很多艰辛吧?那个时代,劳工的处境很艰难。
A: 是的,她亲身经历了矿难、罢工和贫困,她的努力改变了许多人的命运。
B: 她真是位了不起的女性,值得我们学习。
A: 是的,她为争取社会正义做出了巨大贡献。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò mǎ lì hā sī 'qióng sī mǔ qīn' ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, tā shì měi guó zhùmíng de láo gōng huódòng jiā, duì ba?
A: duì, tā wèi kuàng gōng hé ér tóng zhēng qǔ quányì, bèi chēng wèi 'kuàng gōng de mǔ qīn'.
B: tā jīnglì guò hěn duō jiānxīn ba? nà ge shídài, láo gōng de chǔjìng hěn jiānnán.
A: shì de, tā qīn shēn jīnglì le kuàng nàn, bà gōng hé pínkùn, tā de nǔlì gǎibiàn le xǔ duō rén de mìngyùn.
B: tā zhēn shì wèi liǎo bù qǐ de nǚxìng, zhídé wǒmen xuéxí.
A: shì de, tā wèi zhēng qǔ shèhuì zhèngyì zuò chū le jùdà gòngxiàn.

English

A: Have you ever heard of Mary Harris "Mother" Jones?
B: Yes, I have. She was a famous American labor activist, right?
A: Yes, she fought for the rights of miners and children, and she was known as the "Mother of Miners".
B: She must have gone through a lot of hardships. Laborers had a very difficult time in that era.
A: Yes, she experienced mine disasters, strikes, and poverty firsthand. Her efforts changed the lives of many people.
B: She was a truly remarkable woman, worthy of our admiration and learning.
A: Yes, she made a huge contribution to the pursuit of social justice.

Cultural Background

中文

"Mother" Jones is a nickname reflecting her role as a powerful advocate for workers' rights and a maternal figure within the labor movement. This title underscores her dedication and the respect she commanded.

Understanding the context of American industrialization and the struggles of laborers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries is vital to grasping the significance of her actions. The vast gap between the wealthy and the working class fueled the need for labor activists like Mother Jones.

The use of "Mother" as a title is informal and reflects the deep emotional connection she had with the working class. It emphasizes her nurturing and protective role within the movement, conveying warmth and authority simultaneously. Avoid using it in formal academic writing unless explicitly quoting her title.

Advanced Expressions

中文

She was a tireless champion of social justice, advocating for the most vulnerable members of society.

Her unwavering commitment to the cause serves as a potent reminder of the enduring power of grassroots activism.

Her legacy continues to resonate with contemporary movements fighting for economic equality and workers' rights.

She defied societal norms and expectations, becoming a formidable force in the American labor movement.

Key Points

中文

Suitable for discussions about American history, labor movements, social activism, and women's history.,Appropriate for various age groups, but may need adjustments depending on the audience's prior knowledge.,Avoid overly simplistic generalizations about her work. Focus on the complexities and nuances of her activism.,When discussing her methods, be mindful of the historical context and avoid anachronistic judgment.

Practice Tips

中文

Practice pronunciation of both English and Chinese names and titles.

Prepare concise summaries of her key contributions to the labor movement.

Prepare questions that encourage critical thinking about her role in history.

Practice the dialogues in different scenarios and levels of formality.