玛格丽特·伯克-怀特 Margaret Bourke-White Mǎgělìtè·Bókè-Huàitè

Content Introduction

中文

玛格丽特·伯克-怀特(Margaret Bourke-White,1904年6月14日—1971年8月27日)是一位美国战地摄影记者、作家,以其开创性的摄影作品而闻名。她是首位在《生活》杂志工作的女摄影师,也是该杂志的封面摄影师。她以报道战争、工业和文化冲突为特色,作品以其大胆的构图和敏锐的观察力著称,她的作品对20世纪的社会和文化进程具有重要的影响。

伯克-怀特生于纽约州,从小就对摄影产生了浓厚的兴趣。她学习了化学工程,但是最终她选择了摄影作为她的职业。20世纪30年代初期,她以其在苏联工业的图片而闻名。她在那里拍摄了大量照片,展现了苏联在斯大林领导下的快速工业化。这些照片不仅具有纪实意义,更反映出她对现代社会的独特视角。

随后,她又用镜头记录了美国大萧条时期人民的苦难,用作品唤起人们对社会问题的关注。之后,她加入了《生活》杂志,报道了二战时期的各种事件。她在战场上展现了非凡的勇气和韧性,拍摄到了许多触动人心的战争影像,为后人留下了宝贵的历史资料。

除了战地摄影,她还深入印度等地,记录了那里人民的文化习俗和社会现实,她的作品富有同情心,也引发人们对不同文化和社会的思考。

伯克-怀特不仅是一位卓越的摄影师,也是一位才华横溢的作家。她撰写了多部作品,其中包括《你看到的那个苏联》(Eyes on Russia)和《一半是地球》(Halfway to Heaven)等,这些作品不仅是对她摄影生涯的总结,也体现了她对时代和社会的深入观察和思考。她对现代摄影和新闻业的发展做出了巨大贡献,她留给后人的不仅是大量的珍贵照片,更有深刻的社会意义和人道主义精神。她的作品不仅是对历史的记录,也是对人性的展现,她的经历和成就激励了一代又一代的摄影师和新闻工作者。

拼音

Mǎgělìtè·Bókè-Huàitè (Margaret Bourke-White, 1904 nián 6 yuè 14 rì — 1971 nián 8 yuè 27 rì) shì yī wèi měiguó zhàndì shèyǐng jìzhě, zuòjiā, yǐ qí kāichuàng xìng de shèyǐng zuòpǐn ér wénmíng. Tā shì shǒuwèi zài 《shēnghuó》 zázhì gōngzuò de nǚ shèyǐngshī, yěshì gāi zázhì de fùmiàn shèyǐngshī. Tā yǐ bàodào zhànzhēng, gōngyè hé wénhuà chōngtú wèi tèsè, zuòpǐn yǐ qí dàdǎn de gòutú hé mǐnruì de guāncchá lì zhùchéng, tā de zuòpǐn duì 20 shìjì de shèhuì hé wénhuà jìnchéng jùyǒu zhòngyào de yǐngxiǎng.

Bókè-Huàitè shēng yú Niǔyuē zhōu, cóng xiǎo jiù duì shèyǐng chǎnshēng le nónghòu de xìngqù. Tā xuéxí le huàxué gōngchéng, dàn shì zuìzhōng tā xuǎnzé le shèyǐng zuòwéi tā de zhíyè. 20 shìjì 30 niándài qīchū, tā yǐ qí zài Sulián gōngyè de túpiàn ér wénmíng. Tā zài nàlǐ pāishè le dàliàng zhàopiàn, zhǎnxian le Sulián zài Sīdàlín lǐngdǎo xià de kuài sù gōngyè huà. Zhèxiē zhàopiàn bù jǐn jùyǒu jìshí yìyì, gèng fǎnyìng chū tā duì xiàndài shèhuì de dú tè jiǎo duì.

Suíhòu, tā yòu yòng jìngtóu jìlù le měiguó dà xiāotiáo shíqī rénmín de kǔnàn, yòng zuòpǐn huàn qǐ rénmen duì shèhuì wèntí de guānzhù. Zhīhòu, tā jiārù le 《shēnghuó》 zázhì, bàodào le èrzhan shíqī de gè zhǒng shìjiàn. Tā zài zhànchǎng shàng zhǎnxian le fēifán de yǒngqì hé rènxìng, pāishè dào le xǔduō chùdòng rénxīn de zhànzhēng yǐngxiàng, wèi hòurén liú xià le bǎoguì de lìshǐ zīliào.

Chúle zhàndì shèyǐng, tā hái shēnrù Yìndù děng dì, jìlù le nàlǐ rénmín de wénhuà xísú hé shèhuì xiànshí, tā de zuòpǐn fù yǒu tóngqíng xīn, yě yǐnfā rénmen duì bùtóng wénhuà hé shèhuì de sīkǎo.

Bókè-Huàitè bù jǐn shì yī wèi zhuōyuè de shèyǐngshī, ér qiě shì yī wèi cáihuá héngyì de zuòjiā. Tā zhuànxiě le duō bù zuòpǐn, qízhōng bāokuò 《nǐ kàndào de nàge Sulián》 (Eyes on Russia) hé 《yībàn shì dìqiú》 (Halfway to Heaven) děng, zhèxiē zuòpǐn bù jǐn shì duì tā shèyǐng shēngyá de zǒngjié, yě tǐxiàn le tā duì shídài hé shèhuì de shēnrù guānchá hé sīkǎo. Tā duì xiàndài shèyǐng hé xìnwén yè de fāzhǎn zuò chū le jùdà gòngxiàn, tā liú gěi hòurén de bù jǐn shì dàliàng de zhēnguì zhàopiàn, gèng yǒu shēnkè de shèhuì yìyì hé rén dào zhǔyì jīngshen. Tā de zuòpǐn bù jǐn shì duì lìshǐ de jìlù, yěshì duì rénxìng de zhǎnxian, tā de jīnglì hé chéngjiù jīlì le yīdài yòu yīdài de shèyǐngshī hé xìnwén gōngzuò zhě.

English

Margaret Bourke-White (June 14, 1904 – August 27, 1971) was an American photographer and writer known for her pioneering photojournalism. She was the first female photographer at Life magazine and a prominent cover photographer for the publication. Her work was characterized by its coverage of war, industry, and cultural clashes. Bourke-White's work is notable for its bold compositions and sharp observational skills, making a significant impact on the social and cultural narratives of the 20th century.

Born in New York, Bourke-White developed a strong interest in photography from a young age. Although she studied chemical engineering, she ultimately chose photography as her profession. In the early 1930s, she gained recognition for her images of Soviet industry. She extensively documented the rapid industrialization of the Soviet Union under Stalin. These photographs not only hold documentary value but also reflect her unique perspective on modern society.

Later, she used her lens to capture the suffering of people during the Great Depression in the United States, using her work to raise awareness of social issues. Subsequently, she joined Life magazine and reported on various events during World War II. Her bravery and resilience in the face of war resulted in many poignant images, leaving invaluable historical records for posterity.

Beyond war photography, she traveled to India and other locations, documenting the cultural customs and social realities of the people there. Her work is filled with compassion, prompting reflection on different cultures and societies.

Bourke-White was not only an exceptional photographer but also a talented writer. She authored several books, including Eyes on Russia and Halfway to Heaven. These works are not only a summary of her photographic career but also showcase her insightful observations and reflections on the era and society. She made tremendous contributions to the development of modern photography and photojournalism. She left behind not only many precious photographs but also a profound social message and humanitarian spirit. Her work is not merely a record of history, but also a portrayal of humanity. Her experiences and achievements have inspired generations of photographers and journalists.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你知道玛格丽特·伯克-怀特吗?
B: 知道,她是著名的战地摄影记者和作家,对吧?
A: 对,她拍摄了很多具有历史意义的照片,例如她在二战期间拍摄的苏联工业和人民生活。
B: 是的,我还记得她拍摄的那些在《生活》杂志上发表的令人震惊的图片,以及她那本关于印度的书。
A: 她不仅是一名摄影师,还是一名作家,她的作品深刻地记录了一个时代的变迁。
B: 确实如此,她对摄影和新闻业做出了巨大的贡献,她是一个令人钦佩的女性。

拼音

A: nǐ zhīdào mǎgělìtè·bókè-huàitè ma?
B: zhīdào, tā shì zhùmíng de zhàndì shèyǐng jìzhě hé zuòjiā, duì ba?
A: duì, tā pāishè le hěn duō jùyǒu lìshǐ yìyì de zhàopiàn, lìrú tā zài èrzhan qījiān pāishè de sulián gōngyè hé rénmín shēnghuó.
B: shì de, wǒ hái jìde tā pāishè de nàxiē zài 《shēnghuó》 zázhì shàng fābiǎo de lìng rén zhènjīng de túpiàn, yǐjí tā nà běn guānyú yìndù de shū.
A: tā bù jǐn shì yī míng shèyǐngshī, ér qiě shì yī míng zuòjiā, tā de zuòpǐn shēnkè de jìlù le yīgè shídài de biànchuān.
B: quèshí rú cǐ, tā duì shèyǐng hé xìnwén yè zuò chū le jùdà de gòngxiàn, tā shì yīgè lìng rén qīnpèi de nǚxìng.

English

A: Do you know Margaret Bourke-White?
B: Yes, she was a famous war photographer and writer, right?
A: Yes, she took many historically significant photos, such as those of Soviet industry and people's lives during World War II.
B: Yes, I also remember those stunning pictures she took that were published in Life magazine, and her book about India.
A: She was not only a photographer but also a writer, and her work profoundly documented the changes of an era.
B: That's right. She made a huge contribution to photography and journalism. She's an admirable woman.

Cultural Background

中文

战地摄影记者在战争时期冒着生命危险拍摄照片,这需要极大的勇气和奉献精神。

《生活》杂志是美国20世纪具有影响力的杂志,对美国社会文化有重要影响。

苏联工业化和美国大萧条是20世纪重要的历史事件,对世界历史进程有重大影响。

玛格丽特·伯克-怀特的作品体现了人文关怀和对社会问题的关注。

Advanced Expressions

中文

开创性的摄影作品 (kāichuàng xìng de shèyǐng zuòpǐn)

具有历史意义的照片 (jùyǒu lìshǐ yìyì de zhàopiàn)

敏锐的观察力 (mǐnruì de guāncchá lì)

深刻地记录 (shēnkè de jìlù)

触动人心的战争影像 (chùdòng rénxīn de zhànzhēng yǐngxiàng)

富有同情心 (fù yǒu tóngqíng xīn)

Key Points

中文

介绍玛格丽特·伯克-怀特时,应注重其在战地摄影、工业摄影和社会纪实方面的成就。,应强调其作为女性摄影师的开创性地位及对摄影和新闻业的贡献。,介绍其作品时,可选择一些具有代表性的图片进行讲解,并结合当时的社会背景。,在不同年龄段和身份的人面前介绍玛格丽特·伯克-怀特,应根据对方的知识水平和兴趣爱好调整介绍内容的深度和广度。,避免简单地罗列其生平事迹,应突出其人生经历和作品对社会的影响。

Practice Tips

中文

准备一些玛格丽特·伯克-怀特作品的图片,以便在对话中进行演示。

练习用简洁流畅的语言介绍其主要成就,并结合具体事例进行说明。

练习用中英文两种语言介绍玛格丽特·伯克-怀特,并注意发音的准确性。

与朋友或家人进行模拟对话,练习如何用生动形象的语言讲述其生平故事。