瑟古德·马歇尔 Thurgood Marshall Sè Gǔ Dé Mǎ Xiè ěr

Content Introduction

中文

瑟古德·马歇尔（Thurgood Marshall，1908年7月2日－1993年1月24日），美国著名律师、民权活动家和最高法院大法官。他是美国历史上第一位非洲裔美国最高法院大法官，为争取美国黑人的民权和社会正义做出了杰出贡献。

马歇尔出生在巴尔的摩一个中产阶级黑人家庭。他从小就展现出卓越的智慧和对法律的热情。在霍华德大学法学院学习期间，他积极参与民权活动，并逐渐成为美国民权运动中一位杰出的法律斗士。

马歇尔职业生涯中的大部分时间都致力于为美国黑人争取平等权利。他领导了美国国家协会促进有色人种平等（NAACP）的法律辩护工作，代理了数百起与种族隔离相关的案件，其中最著名的就是“布朗诉教育委员会案”（Brown v. Board of Education）。这个案子最终推翻了“隔离但平等”的种族隔离教育制度，成为美国民权运动的一个里程碑。

在“布朗诉教育委员会案”之前，美国南部各州的黑人儿童只能就读于隔离的、资源匮乏的黑人学校。马歇尔通过精湛的法律策略和强大的论证，成功地证明了这种隔离教育制度本身就是对黑人儿童的不平等对待，违反了宪法第十四修正案的平等保护条款。最高法院的判决对美国教育体系以及整个社会都产生了深远的影响。

1967年，马歇尔被林登·约翰逊总统提名为美国最高法院大法官，并获得参议院的确认。他是最高法院历史上第一位非洲裔美国大法官，标志着美国种族关系历史性的进步。他在最高法院任职长达24年，期间以其睿智、独立的司法见解和对社会正义的坚定信念而闻名，为塑造美国法律体系做出了不可磨灭的贡献。他的去世标志着美国失去了一位伟大的法律巨人和民权斗士。

拼音

Thūgǔdè Mǎxiè'ěr (Jùlyǐ 2, 1908 – Jānyuè 24, 1993) shì yī wèi rènwéi de Měiguó lǜshī, mínquán huódòngjiā hé zuìgāo fǎyuàn dàfǎguān. Tā shì Měiguó lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi Āfēizhōu yì Měiguó zuìgāo fǎyuàn dàfǎguān, zuò chū tuōchū de gòngxiàn gěi zhēngqǔ mínquán hé shèhuì zhèngyì de dòuzhēng.

Chūshēng zài yīgè zhōngchǎn jiēcí hēirén jiātíng, Mǎxiè'ěr cóng xiǎo jiù zhǎnxian chū tuōyuè de zhìhuì hé duì fǎlǜ de rèqíng. Zài Huòhuà dàxué fǎxuéyuàn xuéxí qījiān, tā jījí cānyù mínquán huódòng, bìng zhújiàn chéngwéi yī wèi zhùmíng de fǎlǜ dòushì.

Mǎxiè'ěr zhíyè shēngyá zhōng de dàbùfèn shíjiān dōu zhìlì yú wèi Āfēizhōu Měiguó rén zhēngqǔ píngděng quánlì. Lǐngdǎo le Měiguó guójiā xiéhuì cùjìn yǒusè rénzǒng píngděng (NAACP) de fǎlǜ biànfángōngzuò, tā dài lǐ le shùbǎi qǐ yǔ zhǒngzú gēlì xiāngguān de ànjiàn, zuì zhùmíng de jiùshì "Bùlǎo suì jiàoyù wěiyuán àn" (Brown v. Board of Education). Zhège ànzi zuìzhōng tuīfān le "gēlì dàn píngděng" de zhǒngzú gēlì jiàoyù zhìdù, chéngwéi yīgè lǐchéngbēi.

Zài "Bùlǎo suì jiàoyù wěiyuán àn" zhīqián, Měiguó nánbù gèzhōu de hēirén értóng zhǐ néng jiùdú yú gēlì de, zīyuán kuìfá de hēirén xuéxiào. Mǎxiè'ěr tōngguò jīngzhàn de fǎlǜ cèlüè hé qiángdà de lùnzhèng, chénggōng de zhèngmíng le zhè zhǒng gēlì jiàoyù zhìdù běnshēn jiùshì duì hēirén értóng de bù píngděng duìdài, wéifǎn le xiànfǎ dì shísì xiūzhèng'àn de píngděng bǎohù tiáokuǎn. Zuìgāo fǎyuàn de pànduì duì Měiguó jiàoyù tǐxì yǐjí zhěnggè shèhuì dōu chǎnshēng le shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng.

Zài 1967 nián, Mǎxiè'ěr bèi Lín děng · Yuēhàn sēng zǒngtǒng tímíng wéi Měiguó zuìgāo fǎyuàn dàfǎguān, bìng huòdé shènyì yuàn de què rèn. Tā shì zuìgāo fǎyuàn lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi Āfēizhōu yì Měiguó dàfǎguān, biāozhìzhe Měiguó zhǒngzú guānxi lìshǐ xìng de jìnbù. Tā zài zuìgāo fǎyuàn rènzhí chángdào 24 nián, qījiān yǐ qí ruìzhì, dúlì de sīfǎ jiànjiě hé duì shèhuì zhèngyì de jiāndìng xìnyàn ér wénmíng, wèi suàozào Měiguó fǎlǜ tǐxì zuò chū le bùkě mòmiè de gòngxiàn. Tā de qùshì biāozhìzhe Měiguó shīqù le yī wèi wěidà de fǎlǜ jùrén hé mínquán dòushì.

English

Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was a renowned American lawyer, civil rights activist, and Supreme Court Justice. He was the first African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court, making outstanding contributions to the struggle for civil rights and social justice for African Americans.

Born into a middle-class Black family in Baltimore, Marshall displayed exceptional intelligence and a passion for law from a young age. During his time at Howard University School of Law, he actively participated in civil rights activities and gradually became a prominent legal fighter in the American civil rights movement.

Marshall dedicated most of his career to fighting for equal rights for African Americans. Leading the legal defense work of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), he handled hundreds of cases related to racial segregation, most famously Brown v. Board of Education. This landmark case overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation in education, becoming a watershed moment in the American civil rights movement.

Prior to Brown v. Board of Education, Black children in Southern states were forced to attend segregated, under-resourced schools. Through brilliant legal strategies and compelling arguments, Marshall successfully proved that this segregated system itself was unequal treatment of Black children, violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court's ruling had a profound impact on the American education system and society as a whole.

In 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court, and he was confirmed by the Senate. As the first African American to serve on the Court, his appointment marked a historic advance in race relations in America. Serving for 24 years, he was known for his insightful, independent judicial opinions and unwavering commitment to social justice, leaving an indelible mark on the shaping of the American legal system. His passing marked the loss of a great legal giant and civil rights champion.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过瑟古德·马歇尔吗？
B: 听说过，他是美国历史上著名的民权律师，对美国黑人的民权运动做出了巨大贡献。
A: 你能具体说说他的贡献吗？
B: 当然，他代理了很多重要的民权案件，比如布朗诉教育委员会案，最终推翻了种族隔离教育制度。他还担任了美国最高法院大法官，是第一位非裔美国人最高法院大法官。
A: 他的经历真令人敬佩！他为争取平等付出了很多努力。
B: 是的，他的贡献对美国社会产生了深远的影响，值得我们永远铭记。
A: 我明白了，谢谢你的讲解。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò sè gǔ dé mǎ xiè ěr ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, tā shì měi guó lì shǐ shàng zhù míng de mín quán lǜ shī, duì měi guó hēi rén de mín quán yùn dòng zuò chū le jù dà gòng xiàn.
A: nǐ néng jù tǐ shuō shuo tā de gòng xiàn ma?
B: dāng rán, tā dài lǐ le hěn duō zhòng yào de mín quán àn jiàn, bǐ rú bù lǎo suì jiào yù wěi yuán àn, zuì zhōng tuī fān le zhǒng zú gē lí jiào yù zhì dù. tā hái dàn rèn le měi guó zuì gāo fǎ yuàn dà fǎ guān, shì dì yī wèi fēi yì měi guó rén zuì gāo fǎ yuàn dà fǎ guān.
A: tā de jīng lì zhēn lìng rén jìng pèi! tā wèi zhuāng qǔ píng děng fù chū le hěn duō nǔ lì.
B: shì de, tā de gòng xiàn duì měi guó shè huì chǎn shēng le shēn yuǎn de yǐng xiǎng, zhí de wǒ men yǒng yuǎn míng jì.
A: wǒ líng jiě le, xiè xie nǐ de jiǎng jiě.

English

A: Have you ever heard of Thurgood Marshall?
B: Yes, he was a prominent civil rights lawyer in American history, and he made a tremendous contribution to the civil rights movement for African Americans.
A: Can you tell me more about his contributions?
B: Sure, he represented many important civil rights cases, such as Brown v. Board of Education, which ultimately overturned the system of racial segregation in education. He also served as a Supreme Court Justice, becoming the first African American Supreme Court Justice.
A: His experience is truly admirable! He put in a lot of effort to fight for equality.
B: Yes, his contributions have had a profound impact on American society, and he deserves to be remembered forever.
A: I understand, thank you for your explanation.

Cultural Background

中文

在介绍Thurgood Marshall时，需要考虑到美国的历史背景，特别是种族隔离和民权运动的历史。

对话中应该避免使用带有歧视性的语言。

需要理解美国法律体系和最高法院的运作方式。

Advanced Expressions

中文

He was instrumental in dismantling the system of racial segregation in the United States.

His legacy continues to inspire generations of legal professionals and activists.

He championed the cause of civil rights with unwavering determination.

Key Points

中文

介绍Thurgood Marshall时，需要准确描述其在民权运动中的贡献，以及他在美国最高法院担任大法官的历史意义。,对话的语气应该正式或半正式，取决于对话的场景和对象。,应该避免使用过于简略或不准确的描述。,适合各个年龄段，特别是对历史和法律感兴趣的人。,常见错误：混淆Thurgood Marshall和其他民权活动家的贡献，对他的生平和事迹理解不准确。

Practice Tips

中文

多阅读关于Thurgood Marshall的资料，了解他的生平事迹和重要贡献。

模仿对话示例，并尝试运用更高级的表达方式。

可以和朋友或同学一起练习，互相纠正错误。

可以尝试用不同的角度和场景来进行对话练习。