罗杰·B·托尼 Roger B. Taney luó jié · B · tuō nī

Content Introduction

中文

罗杰·B·托尼（Roger Brooke Taney，1777年3月17日—1864年10月12日）是美国第七任首席大法官，他的任期从1836年到1864年。他最臭名昭著的判决是1857年的"斯科特诉桑福德案"（Dred Scott v. Sandford）。在这个案件中，他裁定黑人奴隶没有美国公民身份，因此没有资格在联邦法院起诉。这一判决被广泛认为是加剧了美国南北矛盾，为内战埋下了伏笔。托尼的判决在当时引发了激烈的争议，他的保守立场和对奴隶制的支持使得他在历史上的评价褒贬不一。尽管如此，理解他的判决需要结合19世纪中期美国社会复杂的政治和社会背景，当时奴隶制在美国南方根深蒂固，而北方则对废除奴隶制存在广泛的支持。托尼的判决反映了当时美国社会深刻的分裂以及围绕奴隶制展开的激烈斗争。他的生平和判决在研究美国历史，特别是内战起因时，是必不可少的组成部分。

拼音

luó jié · B · tuō nī (Roger Brooke Taney，1777 nián 3 yuè 17 rì — 1864 nián 10 yuè 12 rì) shì měiguó dì qī rèn chǒuxī dà fǎguān, tā de rènqī cóng 1836 nián dào 1864 nián. tā zuì chòumíng zhāozhù de pànduì shì 1857 nián de "sī kè tè sù sāng fú dé àn" (Dred Scott v. Sandford). zài zhège ànjiàn zhōng, tā cáiding hēirén núlì méiyǒu měiguó gōngmín shēnfèn, yīncǐ méiyǒu zīgé zài liánbāng fǎyuàn qǐsù. zhè yī pànduì bèi guǎngfàn rènwéi shì jiā jù le měiguó nánběi máodùn, wèi nèizhàn mái xià le fú bǐ. tuō nī de pànduì zài dāngshí yǐnfā le jīliè de zhēngyì, tā de bǎoshǒu lìchǎng hé duì núlì zhì de zhīchí shǐde tā zài lìshǐ shàng de píngjià bāobiǎn bù yī. jǐnguǎn rúcǐ, lǐjiě tā de pànduì xūyào jiéhé 19 shìjì zhōngqī měiguó shèhuì fùzá de zhèngzhì hé shèhuì bèijǐng, dāngshí núlì zhì zài měiguó nánfāng gēnshēn dìgù, ér běifāng zé duì fèichú núlì zhì cúnzài guǎngfàn de zhīchí. tuō nī de pànduì fǎnyìng le dāngshí měiguó shèhuì shēnkè de fēnliè yǐjí wéirào núlì zhì zhǎnkāi de jīliè dòuzhēng. tā de shēngpíng hé pànduì zài yánjiū měiguó lìshǐ, tèbié shì nèizhàn qǐyīn shí, shì bì bù kě shǎo de zǔchéng bùfèn.

English

Roger Brooke Taney (March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864) served as the seventh Chief Justice of the United States from 1836 to 1864. He is most infamous for his 1857 decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford. In this case, he ruled that Black slaves were not U.S. citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court. This ruling is widely considered to have exacerbated tensions between the North and South, laying the groundwork for the Civil War. Taney's decision was highly controversial at the time, and his conservative stance and support for slavery have led to mixed assessments of his legacy. However, understanding his decision requires considering the complex political and social context of mid-19th-century America, where slavery was deeply entrenched in the South, while abolitionist sentiment was widespread in the North. Taney's ruling reflects the profound divisions in American society at the time and the intense struggle over slavery. His life and decisions are essential components in understanding American history, particularly the causes of the Civil War.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过罗杰·B·托尼吗？
B: 听说过，他是美国历史上一个颇具争议的人物，对吧？
A: 对，他的"斯科特诉桑福德案"判决臭名昭著。
B: 是的，那个判决巩固了奴隶制，引发了激烈的社会冲突。
A: 他的判决严重影响了美国内战的爆发，甚至可以说是导火索之一。
B: 所以说，历史人物的评价往往是复杂的，要结合当时的社会背景来理解。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò luó jié · B · tuō nī ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, tā shì měiguó lìshǐ shàng yīgè pō jù zhēngyì de rénwù, duì ba?
A: duì, tā de "sī kè tè sù sāng fú dé àn" pànduì chòumíng zhāozhù.
B: shì de, nàge pànduì gònggù le núlì zhì, yǐnfā le jīliè de shèhuì chōngtū.
A: tā de pànduì yánzhòng yǐngxiǎng le měiguó nèizhàn de bàofā, shènzhì kěyǐ shuō shì dǎohuǒsuǒ zhī yī.
B: suǒyǐ shuō, lìshǐ rénwù de píngjià wǎngwǎng shì fùzá de, yào jiéhé dāngshí de shèhuì bèijǐng lái lǐjiě.

English

A: Have you heard of Roger B. Taney?
B: Yes, I have. He's a rather controversial figure in American history, right?
A: Right. His ruling in the Dred Scott case is infamous.
B: Yes, that decision upheld slavery and caused intense social conflict.
A: His ruling significantly impacted the outbreak of the American Civil War, it could even be said to be one of the triggers.
B: So, the evaluation of historical figures is often complex, and it's important to understand it in the context of the society at that time.

Dialogues 2

中文

A: 你能简单介绍一下罗杰·B·托尼吗？
B: 他是第七任美国首席大法官，在位期间（1836-1864）做出了一些具有争议性的判决。
A: 他最著名的判决是什么？
B: “斯科特诉桑福德案”的判决，该判决认为黑人奴隶没有公民权，不能起诉，引起了轩然大波，加剧了南北矛盾。
A: 他的判决对美国历史产生了什么影响？
B: 他的判决被普遍认为是导致美国内战爆发的因素之一。

拼音

A: nǐ néng jiǎndān jièshào yīxià luó jié · B · tuō nī ma?
B: tā shì dì qī rèn měiguó chǒuxī dà fǎguān, zài wèi qījiān (1836-1864) zuò chū le yīxiē jùyǒu zhēngyì xìng de pànduì.
A: tā zuì zhùmíng de pànduì shì shénme?
B: “sī kè tè sù sāng fú dé àn” de pànduì, gāi pànduì rènwéi hēi rén núlì méiyǒu gōngmín quán, bù néng qǐsù, yǐnqǐ le xuānrán dàbō, jiā jù le nánběi máodùn.
A: tā de pànduì duì měiguó lìshǐ chǎnshēng le shénme yǐngxiǎng?
B: tā de pànduì bèi pǔbiàn rènwéi shì dǎozhì měiguó nèizhàn bàofā de yīnsù zhī yī.

English

A: Can you briefly introduce Roger B. Taney?
B: He was the seventh Chief Justice of the United States. During his tenure (1836-1864), he made several controversial rulings.
A: What is his most famous ruling?
B: The ruling in the Dred Scott case, which stated that Black slaves had no citizenship rights and could not sue, caused a huge uproar and exacerbated the conflict between the North and the South.
A: What impact did his ruling have on American history?
B: His ruling is widely considered to be one of the factors that led to the outbreak of the American Civil War.

Cultural Background

中文

理解罗杰·B·托尼需要结合美国南北战争的背景，了解当时美国社会对奴隶制的不同立场。

谈论历史人物的评价时，应保持客观，避免简单地褒贬。

在正式场合，应使用较为正式的语言和表达方式。

Advanced Expressions

中文

在谈论托尼的判决时，可以使用一些更高级的词汇，例如：具有里程碑意义的、具有深远影响的、饱受争议的等。

可以引用一些相关的历史文献或学术观点来支持自己的论述。

Key Points

中文

了解美国南北战争的历史背景,了解罗杰·B·托尼的生平和主要判决,客观评价历史人物,避免使用过激或带有偏见的言论,在不同的场合，语言表达的正式程度应有所调整,适用人群：对美国历史、法律感兴趣的人群；对历史人物评价感兴趣的人群；大学课堂学习；学术研究。

Practice Tips

中文

多阅读一些关于罗杰·B·托尼和美国南北战争的书籍和资料

尝试用自己的话来总结罗杰·B·托尼的生平和判决的影响

与朋友或同学讨论罗杰·B·托尼的历史地位和评价