美国国家艺术基金会的成立（1965年） The Creation of the National Endowment for the Arts (1965) měiguó guójiā yìshù jījìnhuì de chénglì (1965 nián)

Content Introduction

中文

美国国家艺术基金会（NEA）成立于1965年，是美国政府为了促进艺术发展而设立的一个独立机构。它的成立背景与20世纪60年代美国社会发生的深刻变革密切相关。当时的美国，经历了二战后的经济繁荣，以及随之而来的社会思潮变化，民权运动、反战运动等社会运动此起彼伏，对传统价值观和文化模式提出了挑战。与此同时，大众文化蓬勃发展，电视、广播等大众媒体的影响力日益增强，对传统艺术形式带来了冲击。

在这样的背景下，人们开始意识到，政府有必要对艺术发展进行支持和引导。NEA的成立，标志着美国政府开始更加重视艺术在社会发展中的作用，并试图通过政府的力量来保护和促进艺术的繁荣。NEA的资金主要来源于联邦政府的拨款，其宗旨是通过资助各种艺术项目，以及支持艺术教育和艺术研究，来增强美国人民对艺术的欣赏能力，提升美国的文化软实力。

NEA的成立，并不仅仅是一个简单的政府机构的设立，它也反映了美国社会对艺术和文化价值的重新认识，以及对艺术在社会生活中作用的重新思考。在NEA的资助下，无数的艺术家和艺术团体得到了发展壮大，美国艺术的活力也因此得到了极大的提升。NEA的成立，是美国文化发展史上的一个重要里程碑，它为美国艺术的繁荣发展奠定了坚实的基础。

拼音

měiguó guójiā yìshù jījìnhuì (NEA) chénglì yú 1965 nián, shì měiguó zhèngfǔ wèile cùjìn yìshù fāzhǎn ér shè lì de yīgè dúlì jīgòu. tā de chénglì bèijǐng yǔ 20 shìjì 60 niándài měiguó shèhuì fāshēng de shēnkè biàngé mìqiè xiāngguān. dāngshí de měiguó, jīnglì le èrzhàn hòu de jīngjì fánróng, yǐjí zhī suí ér lái de shèhuì sīcháo biànhuà, mínquán yùndòng, fǎnzhàn yùndòng děng shèhuì yùndòng cǐ qǐ pífú, duì chuántǒng giázhíguān hé wénhuà móshì tí chū le tiǎozhàn. yúcí tóngshí, dàzhòng wénhuà péngbó fāzhǎn, diànshì, guǎngbò děng dàzhòng méitǐ de yǐngxiǎnglì rì yì zhuāngqiáng, duì chuántǒng yìshù xíngshì dài lái le chōngjī.

zài zhèyàng de bèijǐng xià, rénmen kāishǐ yìshí dào, zhèngfǔ yǒu bìyào duì yìshù fāzhǎn jìnxíng zhīchí hé yǐndǎo. NEA de chénglì, biaozhìzhe měiguó zhèngfǔ kāishǐ gèngjiā zhòngshì yìshù zài shèhuì fāzhǎn zhōng de zuòyòng, bìng shìtú tōngguò zhèngfǔ de lìliàng lái bǎohù hé cùjìn yìshù de fánróng. NEA de zījīn zhǔyào láiyúán yú liánbāng zhèngfǔ de bōkuǎn, qí zōngzhǐ shì tōngguò zīzhù gè zhǒng yìshù xiàngmù, yǐjí zhīchí yìshù jiàoyù hé yìshù yánjiū, lái zhuāngqiáng měiguó rénmín duì yìshù de xīnshǎng nénglì, tíshēng měiguó de wénhuà ruǎnshí lì.

NEA de chénglì, bìng bù jǐngshì yīgè jiǎndān de zhèngfǔ jīgòu de shè lì, tā yě fǎnyìng le měiguó shèhuì duì yìshù hé wénhuà giázhí de chóngxīn rènshí, yǐjí duì yìshù zài shèhuì shēnghuó zhōng zuòyòng de chóngxīn sīkǎo. zài NEA de zīzhù xià, wúshù de yìshùjiā hé yìshù tuántǐ dédào le fāzhǎn zhuàngdà, měiguó yìshù de huólì yě yīncǐ dédào le jí dà de tíshēng. NEA de chénglì, shì měiguó wénhuà fāzhǎn shǐ shang de yīgè zhòngyào lǐchéngbēi, tā wèi měiguó yìshù de fánróng fāzhǎn diàndìng le jiānshí de jīchǔ.

English

The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), established in 1965, is an independent agency of the U.S. government created to foster the arts. Its creation is closely tied to the profound societal changes occurring in the United States during the 1960s. Post-World War II economic prosperity brought about shifts in social thought, with civil rights movements, anti-war protests, and other social movements challenging traditional values and cultural norms. Concurrently, mass culture flourished, and the influence of mass media such as television and radio increased, impacting traditional art forms.

Against this backdrop, the need for government support and guidance in the arts became apparent. The NEA's establishment marked a growing recognition of art's role in societal development, reflecting an attempt by the government to protect and promote artistic flourishing. Primarily funded through federal appropriations, the NEA's aim is to enhance the appreciation of the arts among the American people and to bolster America's cultural influence by supporting diverse art projects and promoting art education and research.

The NEA's creation is more than simply the establishment of a government agency. It signifies a renewed appreciation for the value of art and culture in American society and a reconsideration of art's role within the social fabric. With NEA funding, countless artists and arts organizations have thrived, significantly bolstering the vibrancy of American art. The establishment of the NEA represents a significant milestone in the history of American cultural development, laying a solid foundation for the flourishing of American art.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你知道美国国家艺术基金会吗？
B: 知道一点，听说它是为了支持艺术发展而成立的。
A: 是的，它成立于1965年，当时美国正经历着文化变革时期，人们对艺术和文化的需求越来越高。
B: 那这个基金会具体都做了些什么呢？
A: 它资助各种艺术项目，包括绘画、雕塑、音乐、舞蹈、戏剧等等，也支持艺术教育和艺术研究。
B: 听起来很有意义。这与美国的文化背景有什么关系呢？
A: 美国一直以来都非常重视艺术和文化，国家艺术基金会的成立，也反映了美国政府对文化发展的重视，以及希望通过艺术来丰富国民生活，促进文化交流的愿望。
B: 明白了，谢谢你的讲解！

拼音

A: nǐ zhīdào měiguó guójiā yìshù jījìnhuì ma?
B: zhīdào yīdiǎn, tīngshuō tā shì wèile zhīchí yìshù fāzhǎn ér chénglì de.
A: shì de, tā chénglì yú 1965 nián, dāngshí měiguó zhèng jīnglìzhe wénhuà biàngé shíqī, rénmen duì yìshù hé wénhuà de xūqiú yuè lái yuè gāo.
B: nà zhège jījìnhuì jùtǐ dōu zuò le xiē shénme ne?
A: tā zīzhù gè zhǒng yìshù xiàngmù, bāokuò huìhuà, diāosù, yīnyuè, wǔdǎo, xìjù děngděng, yě zhīchí yìshù jiàoyù hé yìshù yánjiū.
B: tīng qǐlái hěn yǒuyìyì. zhè yǔ měiguó de wénhuà bèijǐng yǒu shénme guānxi ne?
A: měiguó yīzhí yǐlái dōu fēicháng zhòngshì yìshù hé wénhuà, guójiā yìshù jījìnhuì de chénglì, yě fǎnyìng le měiguó zhèngfǔ duì wénhuà fāzhǎn de zhòngshì, yǐjí xīwàng tōngguò yìshù lái fēngfù guómín shēnghuó, cùjìn wénhuà jiāoliú de yuànwàng.
B: míngbái le, xièxie nǐ de jiǎngjiě!

English

A: Do you know about the National Endowment for the Arts?
B: I know a little bit. I heard it was established to support the development of arts.
A: Yes, it was established in 1965, when the United States was undergoing a period of cultural transformation, and people's demand for art and culture was growing.
B: What exactly does this foundation do?
A: It funds various art projects, including painting, sculpture, music, dance, drama, etc., and also supports art education and research.
B: That sounds meaningful. How does this relate to the cultural background of the United States?
A: The United States has always attached great importance to art and culture. The establishment of the National Endowment for the Arts also reflects the US government's emphasis on cultural development and its hope to enrich people's lives through art and promote cultural exchange.
B: I understand, thank you for your explanation!

Cultural Background

中文

美国国家艺术基金会(NEA)的成立是美国文化政策中的一个重要事件，它体现了美国政府对艺术发展和文化繁荣的重视。

理解NEA的成立需要结合20世纪60年代美国的社会背景，包括经济繁荣、社会运动、大众文化发展等因素。

NEA的资助范围广泛，涵盖了各种艺术形式和艺术活动，体现了美国的多元文化价值观。

Advanced Expressions

中文

The NEA's establishment served as a catalyst for artistic innovation and cultural discourse.

The NEA's funding model has been both lauded for its inclusivity and critiqued for its potential biases.

The NEA's impact on the American cultural landscape is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate and analysis.

Key Points

中文

适用于对美国文化、艺术、政治感兴趣的人群。,适用于讲解美国文化政策、艺术发展史等主题的场合。,年龄段不限，但需要一定的英语和文化知识基础。,常见的错误包括对NEA的职能、资助范围、历史背景理解不清。

Practice Tips

中文

结合具体的艺术作品或艺术家，讲解NEA对他们的影响。

比较NEA与其他国家的艺术资助机构的异同。

讨论NEA的未来发展方向和面临的挑战。