诺姆·乔姆斯基 Noam Chomsky Nuò mǔ qiào mǔ sī jī

Content Introduction

中文

诺姆·乔姆斯基（Noam Chomsky，1928年12月7日－），美国语言学家、哲学家、认知科学家、逻辑学家、历史学家、社会批评家、政治活动家和无政府主义者。他是现代语言学领域最具影响力的人物之一，发展了转换生成语法理论，深刻改变了人们对语言和思维的理解。

乔姆斯基的学术贡献不仅仅局限于语言学。他以其尖锐的政治评论闻名，对美国内外政策进行了广泛而持续的批判，特别关注权力、媒体、战争和社会正义等问题。他批评美国在越南战争、中美洲干涉以及对中东政策，以及美国国内的社会和政治问题，例如贫富差距和媒体垄断。他的观点往往挑战主流意识形态，并激起广泛的讨论与争议。

乔姆斯基的著作广泛流传，并被翻译成多种语言。他的思想对政治哲学、社会理论以及文化研究等多个领域产生了深远的影响。他激励了一代又一代的学者、活动家和学生，去质疑权威、批判不公正，并为更美好的世界而奋斗。他作为一位思想家和社会批评家，为美国，甚至全球的政治和社会讨论做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

拼音

Nuò mǔ qiào mǔ sī jī (Nuò mǔ qiào mǔ sī jī, 1928 nián 12 yuè 7 rì－), Měiguó yǔyán xué jiā, zhéxué jiā, rènshí kēxué jiā, luójí xué jiā, lìshǐ xué jiā, shèhuì pīpàn jiā, zhèngzhì huódòng jiā hé wú zhèngfǔ zhǔyì zhě. Tā shì xiàndài yǔyán xué lìngyù zuì jù yǐngxiǎng lì de rénwù zhī yī, fāzhǎn le zhuǎnhuàn shēngchéng yǔfǎ lǐlùn, shēnkè gǎibiàn le rénmen duì yǔyán hé sīwéi de lǐjiě.

Qiáomǔ sī jī de xuéshù gòngxiàn bìng bù jùxiàn yú yǔyán xué. Tā yǐ qí jiānruì de zhèngzhì pínglùn wénmíng, duì Měiguó nèiwài zhèngcè jìnxíng le guǎngfàn ér chíxù de pīpàn, tèbié guānzhù quánlì, méitǐ, zhànzhēng hé shèhuì zhèngyì děng wèntí. Tā pīpàn Měiguó zài yuènán zhànzhēng, zhōng Měizhōu gānshè yǐjí duì zhōngdōng zhèngcè, yǐjí Měiguó guónèi de shèhuì hé zhèngzhì wèntí, lìrú pínfù chājù hé méitǐ lǒngduàn. Tā de guāndiǎn wǎngwǎng tiǎozhàn zhǔliú yìshí xíngtàibìng jīqǐ guǎngfàn de tǎolùn yǔ zhēngyì.

Qiáomǔ sī jī de zuòzhù guǎngfàn liúchuán, bìng bèi fānyì chéng duō zhǒng yǔyán. Tā de sīxiǎng duì zhèngzhì zhéxué, shèhuì lǐlùn yǐjí wénhuà yánjiū děng duō gè lìngyù chǎnshēng le shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng. Tā jīlì le yīdài yòu yīdài de xuézhě, huódòng jiā hé xuéshēng, qù zhíyí quánwēi, pīpàn bù gōngzhèng, bìng wèi gèng měihǎo de shìjiè ér fèndòu. Tā zuòwéi yī wèi sīxiǎng jiā hé shèhuì pīpàn jiā, wèi Měiguó, shènzhì quánqiú de zhèngzhì hé shèhuì tǎolùn zuò chū le bù kě mòmiè de gòngxiàn.

English

Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, logician, historian, social critic, political activist, and anarcho-syndicalist. He is one of the most influential figures in modern linguistics, having developed the theory of transformational grammar, profoundly changing how people understand language and thought.

Chomsky's academic contributions extend far beyond linguistics. He is known for his sharp political commentary, offering extensive and persistent critiques of US domestic and foreign policies. His focus often centers on issues of power, media, war, and social justice. He has been a vocal critic of US involvement in the Vietnam War, interventions in Central America, and policies in the Middle East, as well as domestic social and political issues such as income inequality and media monopolies. His views often challenge mainstream ideologies and provoke widespread debate and controversy.

Chomsky's works are widely circulated and translated into numerous languages. His ideas have had a profound impact on political philosophy, social theory, and cultural studies, among other fields. He has inspired generations of scholars, activists, and students to question authority, critique injustice, and strive for a better world. As a thinker and social critic, he has made an indelible contribution to political and social discourse in America and indeed globally.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过诺姆·乔姆斯基吗？
B: 听说过，他是著名的语言学家和政治评论家，对吧？
A: 对，而且他的观点非常具有批判性，经常挑战美国政府的政策。
B: 我知道他批评过美国在越南战争中的行为。
A: 是的，他还对媒体、权力和社会控制等问题发表了很多评论，影响深远。
B: 他的思想对理解美国政治和社会很有帮助，你觉得呢？
A: 非常同意。他的作品对于理解美国社会复杂性和权力运作方式至关重要。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò nuò mǔ qiào mǔ sī jī ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, tā shì zhùmíng de yǔyán xué jiā hé zhèngzhì pínglùnjiā, duì ba?
A: duì, érqiě tā de guāndiǎn fēicháng jùyǒu pīpàn xìng, chángcháng tiǎozhàn měiguó zhèngfǔ de zhèngcè.
B: wǒ zhīdào tā pīpàn guò měiguó zài yuènán zhànzhēng zhōng de xíngwéi.
A: shì de, tā hái duì méitǐ, quánlì hé shèhuì kòngzhì děng wèntí fābiǎo le hěn duō pínglùn, yǐngxiǎng shēnyuǎn.
B: tā de sīxiǎng duì lǐjiě měiguó zhèngzhì hé shèhuì hěn yǒu bāngzhù, nǐ juéde ne?
A: fēicháng tóngyì. tā de zuòpǐn duìyú lǐjiě měiguó shèhuì fùzá xìng hé quánlì yùnzùo fāngshì zhìguān zhòngyào.

English

A: Have you heard of Noam Chomsky?
B: Yes, I have. He's a famous linguist and political commentator, right?
A: Yes, and his views are very critical, often challenging US government policies.
B: I know he criticized the US involvement in the Vietnam War.
A: That's right, and he has commented extensively on media, power, and social control, with far-reaching influence.
B: His ideas are very helpful for understanding American politics and society, don't you think?
A: Absolutely. His works are essential for understanding the complexities of American society and the workings of power.

Cultural Background

中文

在谈论乔姆斯基时，需要了解美国政治和社会背景，例如越南战争、冷战、美国媒体以及美国社会中的权力结构等。

正式场合下，应该使用比较正式和学术化的语言，避免使用过于口语化的表达。

非正式场合下，可以根据语境灵活运用语言，但需要保持尊重和客观。

Advanced Expressions

中文

Chomsky's profound insights into the nature of language and the workings of power have had a transformative impact on multiple fields.

His critique of US foreign policy is characterized by its rigorous analysis and unflinching moral stance.

Chomsky's legacy lies not only in his scholarly achievements but also in his unwavering commitment to social justice and intellectual freedom.

His work continues to inspire critical thinking and activism across the globe.

His intellectual rigor and unwavering commitment to truth-telling have made him a towering figure in intellectual history

Key Points

中文

在介绍乔姆斯基时，应结合其语言学贡献和政治观点两个方面。,注意区分正式和非正式场合的语言表达。,避免使用过分主观或带有偏见的评价。,尽量使用准确的词汇和表达，避免误解。,该场景适用于对历史名人感兴趣的人群，尤其适合对语言学、政治学和社会学感兴趣的受众。,年龄和身份没有特别限制，但需要根据对方的知识水平和理解能力调整表达方式。

Practice Tips

中文

可以尝试用自己的话总结乔姆斯基的主要思想和观点。

可以寻找一些乔姆斯基的访谈视频或演讲录音，学习其表达方式。

可以阅读一些乔姆斯基的著作，加深对他的理解。

可以与朋友或家人讨论乔姆斯基的思想，分享自己的观点和看法。

练习用英语和中文描述乔姆斯基，并比较两种语言表达方式的异同。