阿尔多·利奥波德 Aldo Leopold ěr duō · lì ào pǔ dé

Content Introduction

中文

阿尔多·利奥波德(Aldo Leopold,1887-1948)是美国杰出的生态学家、森林学家、作家和环境伦理学家。他被誉为现代环境保护运动的先驱之一,其著作《沙乡年鉴》(A Sand County Almanac)深刻影响了美国乃至全球的环境伦理思想。
利奥波德出生于美国爱荷华州,在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校获得了森林学学位。他早年在美国林务局工作,参与了美国西部的森林管理工作。在长期的实践中,他逐渐意识到传统的森林管理模式存在缺陷,单纯的经济效益追求忽视了生态系统的整体性,对自然环境造成了不可逆转的破坏。
他基于长期对自然生态的观察和研究,提出了“土地伦理”(land ethic)的概念。该概念主张人类不应仅仅将自然资源视为经济开发的对象,而应将自身视为生态系统中的一员,尊重自然的内在价值,维护生态系统的完整性。这体现了利奥波德深刻的生态哲学思想。
《沙乡年鉴》并非纯粹的学术著作,而是利奥波德将个人生活体验、自然观察记录与生态哲学思想融合的结晶。书中既有对自然生机勃勃景象的细致描写,也有对生态环境破坏的痛心疾首的反思,以及对人与自然和谐共处模式的探讨,文字优美,富有诗意。
利奥波德的思想对后世影响深远,他的“土地伦理”已成为全球环境保护的重要指导思想,激励着一代又一代人投身环境保护事业。他的著作也被翻译成多种语言,在全球范围内传播。他不仅是一位杰出的学者,更是一位充满人文关怀的自然主义者,他留下的遗产将继续指引我们走向人与自然和谐共生的未来。

拼音

ěr duō · lì ào pǔ (Aldo Leopold, 1887-1948) shì měiguó jié chū de shēng tài xué jiā, sēnlín xué jiā, zuò jiā hé huánjìng lúnlǐ xué jiā. tā bèi yù wèi xiàndài huánjìng bǎohù yùndòng de xiānqū zhī yī, qí zuò zhù 《shā xiāng nián jiàn》 (A Sand County Almanac) shēn kè yǐngxiǎng le měiguó nǎizhì quánqiú de huánjìng lúnlǐ sīxiǎng.
lì ào pǔ de chūshēng yú měiguó ài hé huá zhōu, zài wēi sī kǎn xīng dà xué mài dì xùn fēn xiào huòdé le sēnlín xué xuéwèi. tā zǎonián zài měiguó lín wù jú gōngzuò, cānyù le měiguó xībù de sēnlín guǎnlǐ gōngzuò. zài chángqī de shíjiàn zhōng, tā zhújiàn yìshí dào chuántǒng de sēnlín guǎnlǐ mòshì cúnzài quēxiàn, dāndūn de jīngjì xiàoyì zhuīqiú hūshì le shēng tài xìtǒng de zhěngtǐ xìng, duì zìrán huánjìng zàochéng le bù kě nì zhuǎn de pòhuài.
tā jīyú chángqī duì zìrán shēng tài de guānchá hé yánjiū, tíchū le “tǔdì lúnlǐ” (land ethic) de gài niàn. gāi gài niàn zhǔzhāng rénlèi bù yīng jǐn jiāng zìrán zīyuán shì wèi jīngjì kāifā de duìxiàng, ér yīng jiāng zìshēn shì wèi shēng tài xìtǒng zhōng de yī yuán, zūnjìng zìrán de nèizài jiàzhí, wéihù shēng tài xìtǒng de wánzhěng xìng. zhè tǐxiàn le lì ào pǔ de shēnkè de shēng tài zhéxué sīxiǎng.
《shā xiāng nián jiàn》 bìng fēi qúncuì de xuéshù zuò zhù, ér shì lì ào pǔ jiāng gèrén shēnghuó tǐyàn, zìrán guānchá jìlù yǔ shēng tài zhéxué sīxiǎng rónghé de jiéjīng. shū zhōng jì yǒu duì zìrán shēngjī bó bó jǐngxiàng de xìzhì miáoxiě, yě yǒu duì shēng tài huánjìng pòhuài de tòngxīn jí shǒu de fǎnsī, yǐjí duì rén yǔ zìrán héxié gòngchù mòshì de tàn tǎo, wénzì yōuměi, fù yǒu shīyì.
lì ào pǔ de sīxiǎng duì hòushì yǐngxiǎng shēnyuǎn, tā de “tǔdì lúnlǐ” yǐ chéngwéi quánqiú huánjìng bǎohù de zhòngyào zhǐdǎo sīxiǎng, jīlì zhòng yī dài yòu yī dài rén tóushēn huánjìng bǎohù shìyè. tā de zuòzhù yě bèi fānyì chéng duō zhǒng yǔyán, zài quánqiú fànwéi nèi chuánbō. tā bù jǐn shì yī wèi jié chū de xué zhě, gèng shì yī wèi chōngmǎn rénwén guānhuái de zìrán zhǔyì zhě, tā liú xià de yíchán jiāng jìxù zhǐyǐn wǒmen zǒuxiàng rén yǔ zìrán héxié gòngshēng de wèilái.

English

Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) was a prominent American ecologist, forester, writer, and environmental ethicist. Considered a pioneer of the modern environmental movement, his work, “A Sand County Almanac,” profoundly influenced environmental ethics in the United States and around the world.
Born in Iowa, Leopold earned a degree in forestry from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He began his career with the U.S. Forest Service, participating in the management of forests in the American West. Through his extensive experience, he came to realize the flaws in traditional forestry practices; the sole pursuit of economic gain often disregarded the integrity of ecosystems, causing irreversible damage to the natural environment.
Based on his long-term observations and research of natural ecology, he developed the concept of “land ethic.” This concept argues that humanity should not merely treat natural resources as objects of economic exploitation but should view itself as a member of the ecosystem, respecting the intrinsic value of nature and maintaining the integrity of the ecological system. This reflects Leopold's profound ecological philosophy.
“A Sand County Almanac” is not a purely academic work, but rather Leopold's synthesis of personal life experiences, observations of nature, and ecological philosophy. The book features detailed descriptions of the vibrant natural world, poignant reflections on the destruction of the ecological environment, and discussions of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. The prose is elegant and poetic.
Leopold's ideas have had a lasting impact; his “land ethic” has become an important guiding principle for global environmental protection, inspiring generations to dedicate themselves to environmental causes. His works have been translated into multiple languages and disseminated worldwide. He was not only a distinguished scholar but also a humanist with a deep concern for nature; his legacy will continue to guide us toward a future of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过阿尔多·利奥波德吗?
B: 听说过,他是著名的生态学家和作家,对环境保护有很大贡献。
A: 你能具体说说他的贡献吗?
B: 他的《沙乡年鉴》影响深远,倡导人与自然的和谐共处,对美国乃至全球的环境伦理思想产生了深远的影响。他提出的“土地伦理”概念,至今仍是环境保护的重要指导思想。
A: 他的思想对现代环境保护有什么启示?
B: 他强调生态系统的整体性,呼吁人类尊重自然,将人类视作生态共同体的一员,而不是支配者,这对于我们现在面临的各种环境问题,仍然具有重要的指导意义。
A: 非常感谢你的讲解,我受益匪浅!

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò ěr duō · lì ào pǔ de ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, tā shì zhùmíng de shēng tài xué jiā hé zuò jiā, duì huánjìng bǎohù yǒu hěn dà gòngxiàn.
A: nǐ néng jùtǐ shuō shuo tā de gòngxiàn ma?
B: tā de 《shā xiāng nián jiàn》 yǐngxiǎng shēnyuǎn, chǎngdǎo rén yǔ zìrán de héxié gòngchù, duì měiguó nǎizhì quánqiú de huánjìng lúnlǐ sīxiǎng chǎnshēng le shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng. tā tíchū de “tǔdì lúnlǐ” gài niàn, zhì jīn réng shì huánjìng bǎohù de zhòngyào zhǐdǎo sīxiǎng.
A: tā de sīxiǎng duì xiàndài huánjìng bǎohù yǒu shénme qǐshì?
B: tā qiángdiào shēng tài xìtǒng de zhěngtǐ xìng, hūyào rénlèi zūnjìng zìrán, jiāng rénlèi shì zuò shēng tài gòngtǐ de yī yuán, ér bùshì zhīpèi zhě, zhè duì yú wǒmen xiànzài miànlín de gè zhǒng huánjìng wèntí, réngrán jùyǒu zhòngyào de zhǐdǎo yìyì.
A: fēicháng gǎnxiè nǐ de jiǎngjiě, wǒ shòuyì fěiqiǎn!

English

A: Have you ever heard of Aldo Leopold?
B: Yes, I have. He was a renowned ecologist and writer who made significant contributions to environmental protection.
A: Can you elaborate on his contributions?
B: His book, “A Sand County Almanac,” is profoundly influential. It advocates for the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature and has had a far-reaching impact on environmental ethics in the United States and globally. His concept of “land ethic” remains an important guiding principle for environmental protection to this day.
A: What insights does his thinking offer for modern environmental protection?
B: He emphasized the integrity of the ecosystem and called on humanity to respect nature, viewing humans as members of the ecological community rather than its rulers. This remains crucially important in addressing the environmental issues we face today.
A: Thank you very much for your explanation. I learned a lot!

Cultural Background

中文

“土地伦理” (land ethic) 是利奥波德的核心思想,体现了美国环境伦理学的发展历程,以及对人与自然关系的独特思考。

在正式场合,应使用准确、严谨的语言介绍利奥波德及其思想,避免口语化表达。

Advanced Expressions

中文

利奥波德的“土地伦理”深刻地揭示了人类中心主义的局限性,为构建人与自然和谐共生的新型人地关系提供了理论框架。

《沙乡年鉴》中,利奥波德将生态学、哲学和文学艺术完美融合,赋予环境伦理以生动的生命力。

Key Points

中文

介绍利奥波德时,应结合其生平经历、主要著作和核心思想,全面展现其在环境保护领域的重要贡献。,在不同年龄段和身份的人群中,介绍利奥波德的方式应有所调整,以确保对方能够理解。,避免在介绍中出现事实性错误,例如混淆利奥波德的生平事迹或其核心思想。

Practice Tips

中文

可以准备一些利奥波德相关的事例,例如《沙乡年鉴》中的经典片段,以便更好地解释其思想。

可以练习将利奥波德的思想与现代环境问题相联系,例如气候变化、生物多样性丧失等。