埃尔布里奇·格里 Elbridge Gerry Āiěrbùlìqí Gělǐ

Content Introduction

中文

埃尔布里奇·格里（Elbridge Gerry，1744年7月17日—1814年11月23日）是美国的一位杰出政治家，他的一生与美国早期的政治变革与发展紧密相连。他参与起草了《独立宣言》，并在马萨诸塞州的政治和社会改革中发挥了重要作用。他早期是反联邦主义者，反对通过强大的中央政府来限制州的权力；后来成为民主共和党人，支持杰斐逊的政策。

格里于1776年当选为大陆会议代表，积极参与美国独立战争的筹备工作。在独立战争期间，他为新生的美国共和国的建立和发展做出了巨大的贡献。独立战争结束后，他担任马萨诸塞州的州长，并在任期间积极推进州内的政治和社会改革，努力维护和平衡不同利益集团之间的关系。他也是一位外交家，曾出使法国，为维护美法之间的友好关系做出了贡献。

然而，格里的政治生涯并非一帆风顺，他经历了各种政治斗争和挑战。他性格比较复杂，既有远见卓识，也有犹豫不决的时候。例如，他对《宪法》的最初持反对态度，但后来又同意加入。

格里最令人记忆犹新的，莫过于他参与了“奇异的杰里蝾螈”（Gerrymander）一词的起源。在马萨诸塞州担任州长期间，他为了使民主共和党获得优势，不惜操纵选区划分，将选区形状划得奇形怪状，如同蝾螈一般，这种行为导致了选区划分不公正，引发了广泛批评。

尽管格里的一生充满了争议，但他无疑是一位在塑造美国早期政治格局中扮演了重要角色的历史人物。他的复杂性格和政治生涯，为后世研究早期美国政治提供了宝贵的材料，也为我们理解美国政治的变迁和发展提供了重要启示。

拼音

Āiěrbùlìqí·Gělǐ (Āiěrbùlìqí·Gělǐ, 1744 nián 7 yuè 17 rì—1814 nián 11 yuè 23 rì) shì Měiguó de yī wèi jiéchū zhèngzhì jiā, tā de yīshēng yǔ Měiguó zǎoqī de zhèngzhì biàngé yǔ fāzhǎn jǐnmi xiānglián. Tā cānyù qǐcǎo le 《Dúlì xuānyán》, bìng zài Mǎsàzhōu de zhèngzhì hé shèhuì gǎigé zhōng fāhuī le zhòngyào zuòyòng. Tā zǎoqī shì fǎn liánbāng zhǔyì zhě, fǎnduì tōngguò qiángdà de zhōngyāng zhèngfǔ lái xiànzhì zhōu de quánlì; hòulái chéngwéi mǐnzhǔ gònghé dǎng rén, zhīchí Jiéfèisūn de zhèngcè.

Gělǐ yú 1776 nián dāngxuǎn wéi Dàlù huìyì dài biǎo, jījí cānyù Měiguó dúlì zhànzhēng de chóubèi gōngzuò. Zài dúlì zhànzhēng qījiān, tā wèi xīnshēng de Měiguó gònghéguó de jiànlì hé fāzhǎn zuò chū le jùdà de gòngxiàn. Dúlì zhànzhēng jiéshù hòu, tā dānrèn Mǎsàzhōu de zhōuzhǎng, bìng zài rèn qījiān jījí tuījìn zhōu nèi de zhèngzhì hé shèhuì gǎigé, nǔlì wéihù hé pínghéng bùtóng lìyì jítuán zhī jiān de guānxi. Tā yě shì yī wèi wàijiāo jiā, céng chūshǐ fàguó, wèi wéihù měi fà zhī jiān de yǒuhǎo guānxi zuò chū le gòngxiàn.

Rán'ér, Gělǐ de zhèngzhì shēngyá bìng fēi yīfān shùnshùn, tā jīnglì le gè zhǒng zhèngzhì dòuzhēng hé tiǎozhàn. Tā xìnggé bǐjiào fùzá, jì yǒu yuǎnjiàn zhuōshí, yě yǒu yóuyù bùjué de shíhòu. Lìrú, tā duì 《Xiànfǎ》 de zuì chū chí fǎnduì tàidù, dàn hòulái yòu yòngyì jiārù.

Gělǐ zuì lìng rén jìyì yóuxīn de, mòguò yú tā cānyù le “qíyì de jiélǐ róngyuán” (Gérrymander) yīcí de qǐyuán. Zài Mǎsàzhōu dānrèn zhōuzhǎng qījiān, tā wèile shǐ mǐnzhǔ gònghé dǎng huòdé yōushì, bù xī cāozòng xuǎnqū huàfēn, jiāng xuǎnqū xíngzhuàng huà de qíxíng guài zhuàng, rútóng róngyuán yībān, zhè zhǒng xíngwéi dǎozhì le xuǎnqū huàfēn bù gōngzhèng, yǐnfā le guǎngfàn pīpíng.

Jǐnguǎn Gělǐ de yīshēng chōngmǎn le zhēngyì, dàn tā wúyí shì yī wèi zài sùzào Měiguó zǎoqī zhèngzhì géjú zhōng bànyǎn le zhòngyào juésè de lìshǐ rénwù. Tā de fùzá xìnggé hé zhèngzhì shēngyá, wèi hòushì yánjiū zǎoqī Měiguó zhèngzhì tígōng le bǎoguì de cáiliào, yě wèi wǒmen lǐjiě Měiguó zhèngzhì de biànqiān hé fāzhǎn tígōng le zhòngyào qǐshì.

English

Elbridge Gerry (July 17, 1744 – November 23, 1814) was a prominent American politician whose life was deeply intertwined with the early political transformations and development of the United States. He participated in drafting the Declaration of Independence and played a significant role in the political and social reforms of Massachusetts. Initially an Anti-Federalist, opposing a strong central government that would curtail states' rights, he later became a Democratic-Republican, supporting Jeffersonian policies.

Gerry was elected a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776, actively participating in the preparations for the American Revolutionary War. During the war, he made significant contributions to the establishment and development of the nascent American republic. After the war, he served as the Governor of Massachusetts, and during his tenure, actively promoted political and social reforms within the state, striving to maintain and balance relationships between different interest groups. He was also a diplomat, serving as an envoy to France, contributing to maintaining amicable relations between the US and France.

However, Gerry's political career was not without its challenges and controversies. His personality was complex; he possessed both foresight and moments of indecision. For example, he initially opposed the Constitution but later came to support its adoption.

Gerry is perhaps most remembered for his involvement in the origin of the term "Gerrymander." While serving as Governor of Massachusetts, he manipulated the state's district boundaries to give his Democratic-Republican party an advantage, creating oddly shaped districts resembling a salamander (a gerrymander). This gerrymandering led to unfair and criticized districting practices.

Despite the controversies surrounding his life, Gerry undeniably played a significant role in shaping the early political landscape of the United States. His complex personality and political career provide valuable material for the study of early American politics, offering important insights into the changes and development of American politics.

Dialogues

Dialogues 1

中文

A: 你听说过埃尔布里奇·格里吗？
B: 听说过，他是美国早期政治家，还是第五任副总统。
A: 他还有其他贡献吗？
B: 是的，他参与起草了《独立宣言》，并且在马萨诸塞州的政治和社会改革中发挥了重要作用。
A: 他的政治生涯怎么样？
B: 他早期是反联邦主义者，后来成为民主共和党人。他的政治生涯充满了挑战和变化，也体现了早期美国政治的复杂性。
A: 那么，他还有什么鲜为人知的故事吗？
B: 有些历史学家认为，他为美国早期政治的民主化发展做出了贡献，但也有人批评他不够果断。他的生平充满争议，值得进一步研究。

拼音

A: nǐ tīng shuō guò āi ěr bù lì qí · gé lǐ ma?
B: tīng shuō guò, tā shì měiguó zǎoqī zhèngzhì jiā, hái shì dì wǔ rèn fù zǒng tǒng.
A: tā hái yǒu qítā gòngxiàn ma?
B: shì de, tā cānyù qǐcǎo le 《dúlì xuānyán》, bìngqiě zài mǎsà zhōu zhōu de zhèngzhì hé shèhuì gǎigé zhōng fāhuī le zhòngyào zuòyòng.
A: tā de zhèngzhì shēngyá zěnmeyàng?
B: tā zǎoqī shì fǎn liánbāng zhǔyì zhě, hòulái chéngwéi mǐnzhǔ gònghé dǎng rén. tā de zhèngzhì shēngyá chōngmǎn le tiǎozhàn hé biànhuà, yě tǐxiàn le zǎoqī měiguó zhèngzhì de fùzá xìng.
A: nàme, tā hái yǒu shénme xiānwéirén zhī de gùshì ma?
B: yǒuxiē lìshǐ xuéjiā rènwéi, tā wèi měiguó zǎoqī zhèngzhì de mǐnzhǔ huà fāzhǎn zuò chū le gòngxiàn, dàn yě yǒu rén pīpíng tā bù gòu guǒduàn. tā de shēngpíng chōngmǎn zhēngyì, zhídé zēngjiā yánjiū.

English

A: Have you ever heard of Elbridge Gerry?
B: Yes, I have. He was an early American politician and the fifth Vice President of the United States.
A: Did he make any other contributions?
B: Yes, he participated in drafting the Declaration of Independence and played an important role in the political and social reforms in Massachusetts.
A: How was his political career?
B: He was initially an Anti-Federalist and later became a Democratic-Republican. His political career was full of challenges and changes, reflecting the complexity of early American politics.
A: So, does he have any little-known stories?
B: Some historians believe that he contributed to the democratization of early American politics, but others criticize him for being indecisive. His life is full of controversies and deserves further study.

Cultural Background

中文

“Gerrymander”一词源于格里操纵选区划分的故事，它反映了美国早期政治中党派斗争的激烈程度，以及为了权力而操纵政治进程的现象。

了解美国早期政治，包括反联邦主义者和民主共和党之间的斗争，有助于理解格里的政治生涯。

学习美国历史，尤其是早期美国政治，有助于理解格里的贡献和局限性。

Advanced Expressions

中文

His political career was a microcosm of the tumultuous early years of the American republic.

His legacy remains complex and open to interpretation.

Gerry's experience underscores the enduring tension between states' rights and national unity in American political discourse

Key Points

中文

学习者需要了解美国早期的政治背景，才能更好地理解格里的生平和贡献。,学习者需要注意格里政治生涯中的复杂性和争议性。,讲解时，可以结合美国早期政治的相关知识，帮助学习者更好地理解格里的行为动机和历史影响。,适合高中生及以上年龄段学习。

Practice Tips

中文

可以采用角色扮演的方式，模拟对话场景，提高学习者的口语表达能力。

可以引导学习者从多个角度评价格里的历史作用，培养批判性思维。

鼓励学习者查阅更多资料，更深入地了解格里的生平和政治生涯。