言过其实 Exaggeration
Explanation
指说话超过实际情况，夸大其词。
Refers to speaking beyond the actual situation, exaggeration.
Origin Story
话说三国时期，蜀汉丞相诸葛亮，麾下有一员大将名叫马谡。马谡此人，足智多谋，长于论兵，诸葛亮对他十分器重。然而，马谡有个致命的弱点，就是言过其实，好夸夸其谈，常常把自己的才能和见识吹嘘得天花乱坠。一次，魏国大军来犯，诸葛亮决定派兵前往街亭阻击敌军，他将这一重任交给了马谡。马谡胸有成竹地接受了任务，并向诸葛亮保证，他一定能守住街亭。然而，马谡并未认真研判地形，而是凭借自己纸上谈兵的知识，将兵力部署在山谷之中，结果被魏军将领张郃打了个措手不及，大败而归。诸葛亮闻讯后，痛心疾首，只得挥泪斩马谡，以正军纪。街亭失守，蜀军元气大伤，魏军趁机攻城掠地，蜀汉因此蒙受了巨大的损失。马谡的失败，不仅是军事上的失误，更是他言过其实，脱离实际的悲剧。他的教训，警示着后世，任何事情都必须脚踏实地，不能好高骛远，更不能言过其实，夸夸其谈。
During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, had a general named Ma Su under his command. Ma Su was a man of sharp wit and strategy, and Zhuge Liang held him in high regard. However, Ma Su had a fatal flaw: he was prone to exaggeration and often boasted about his abilities and knowledge. Once, when the Wei army attacked, Zhuge Liang decided to send troops to Jie Ting to stop the enemy army, and he entrusted this important task to Ma Su. Ma Su confidently accepted the task and assured Zhuge Liang that he could hold Jie Ting. However, Ma Su did not carefully study the terrain, but relied on his knowledge of strategic thinking and stationed his troops in the valley. As a result, the Wei army general Zhang He completely surprised the Shu army and inflicted a crushing defeat. When Zhuge Liang heard the news, he was deeply grieved and had to execute Ma Su with tears in his eyes to maintain discipline in the army. The loss of Jie Ting severely weakened the Shu army, and the Wei army took the opportunity to conquer cities and plunder territories. Shu Han suffered great losses as a result. Ma Su's failure was not only a military blunder, but also a tragedy resulting from his exaggerations and lack of realism. His lesson warns future generations that everything must be grounded in reality, one must not be overly ambitious, and one must beware of exaggeration and boasting.
Usage
用于形容说话超过实际情况，夸夸其谈。常用于批评或讽刺。
Used to describe speaking beyond the actual situation, boasting. Often used to criticize or satirize.
Examples
-
他的说法言过其实，缺乏事实依据。
tade shuofa yanguo qishi, quefu shi shi yiju
His statement is an exaggeration and lacks factual basis.
-
这次的宣传言过其实，导致了消费者的不满。
zheyici de xuanchuan yanguo qishi, daozhile xiaofeizhe de bumian
This advertisement is exaggerated, leading to consumer dissatisfaction.
-
他的简历言过其实，夸大了自己的能力。
tade jianli yanguo qishi, kuazhdale ziji de nengli
His resume is exaggerated, exaggerating his abilities.